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Pozycja Swedish and Danish typo-morphology – The historical approaches and new conceptualizations for informing urban design(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Stojanovski Todor; Kirt Strandbygaard Sofie; Maudsley Ann; Abarkan AbdellahNeighbourhood typologies can be used to inform city planning and urban design. This paper looks at historical approaches and new conceptualizations in Sweden and Denmark to discuss implication for urban design practices. There is a long typo-morphological tradition in Sweden, however in Denmark it is seldom used as a method of analysis. This paper starts with describing three historical Swedish typo-morphological approaches. The first is historic-architectural emphasizes architectural styles. The second focuses on classifying neighbourhood types by physical attributes. The third argues that the Swedish neighbourhood typology describes not only physical form but also social structure. The Danish application of neighbourhood types is more generic and made with the purpose of comparing numeric data with urban planning tendencies. It considers three major morphological urban structures and uses them to make combinations, as most neighbourhoods are hybrids of types. This paper discusses differences between well-established Swedish neighbourhood typology versus the Danish generic typology and concludes with implication for urban design practices and designing Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs). Practicing architects and urban designers can apply morphological research and both detailed or generic local neighbourhood typologies can be very useful conceptualizations.Pozycja Reading and understanding built environments in Quebec (Canada): Urban morphology at the service of a sustainable urban design approach(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Racine FrançoisThis paper is aimed to present a book about the physical and spatial organization of villages, cities, and agglomerations of the territory of the province of Quebec, located in Canada. It will be of particular interest to people who intervene, exercise a professional practice or study in the fields of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban geography, heritage, and urban design. In addition to presenting the key notions of urban morphology opening the way to an in-depth understanding of the mode of structuring of human settlements, the book explains and applies, with the help of several case studies, the methods of analysis of this field of research to read and characterize the built environments of Quebec. Finally, examples show how morphological knowledge can be operationalized in intervention strategies and urban design projects at multiple scales. At a time when the crisis of climate change urges us to deeply rethink our ways of inhabiting and practicing the territory, it is essential to better understand the product of our collective experience in these matters. Why not draw useful lessons from this to feed the work of planning, design and management of the quality and integrity of our built environment?Pozycja Measuring the perceptual quality of pedestrian public space in contemporary Chinese cities – Taking Xinjiekou area in Nanjing as an example(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Mawlan Muhetar; Xia Yue; Liang Gu; Huang Chenyi; Tang LianOne of the main goals of urban design is to obtain urban space with good perceptual qualities. Among the numerous perceptual qualities, enclosure, human scale, imageability, complexity, transparency, linkage, etc. are most related to the physical features (Ewing, Handy 2009) and many scholars use quantitative methods to measure these qualities. However, when applying these methods to measure these perceptual qualities of pedestrian public space in contemporary Chinese cities, there are problems as follows: first, the existing quantitative grading standards are very diverse and they are difficult to define accurately; second, for indoor pedestrian spaces, some indicators such as enclosure, imageability, etc. need to be re-identified. This paper selects the pedestrian public space in the Xinjiekou area in the center of Nanjing as an example. Based on the existing Nolli map of pedestrian public space (Luo et al. 2021), the enclosure, imageability, complexity, transparency, etc. are measured in a relatively more objective method. Firstly, streetscape photos of typical pedestrian public space (sidewalks, public squares, interior streets, etc.) are taken to a uniform standard. Secondly, street width, building height, number of people, signs, windows, types of elements, etc. in the streetscape are extracted to match enclosure, imageability, complexity, transparency and linkage, etc. Thirdly, the obtained evaluation results are verified by graphical representation and compared with similar studies. The research finally proposes graphical representation of perceptual qualities of pedestrian public space, which will help to optimize the urban design of space.Pozycja Urban Design Thinking of Early Modernist Pioneers – Taking Adolf Loos and Giuseppe Terragni as Case Studies(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Lin Li; Deng HaoThe Beaux-Arts education and the acceptance of modernist ideas have made the architectural creations of early modernist pioneers present a composite character, that is, the architecture itself has a distinctly modernist style while maintaining a harmonious relationship with the city and has a readable ‘urbanity’. Taking the architectural works of architects Adolf Loos and Giuseppe Terragni as examples, this paper elaborates on this composite character in terms of urban tissue, plot, facade, and detail. It is proposed that the simple and conscious ‘urban design thinking’ of the early modernist architectural pioneers should be re-examined from the perspective of urban morphology, which leads to the consideration of how the relationship between modernist architecture and the city has moved from the initial complex synthesis to the later abstract singularity. Whether contemporary architects are critical of modernism as a whole or insistent and submissive, such discussions and reflections are undoubtedly valuable to them.Pozycja Research on the informal urban space and the methods of urban design: Based on two Chinese handscrolls in Qing Dynasty(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Li Keran; Lin Yan; Xie YuhuInformal space is an important part of urban vitality, which have a close relationship with figures, behaviours, and formal space. These seemingly contradictory elements can be found in some historical paintings. As the outstanding examples of the ‘genre painting’ in Qing Dynasty in China, 12 paintings of Emperor Qianlong’s Southern Trip of Inspection not only contain kinds of informality about everyday urbanism, but also show the coexistence and equilibrium between the informal and formal space. Taking the second and sixth rolls as an example, this paper analysed the image structure and spatial distribution of elements, behaviour-oriented correlation and composition of active fragments, and street interface construction and corner space from three scales of painting, fragment and scene respectively. Based on the specifications on transformation of logic, enlightenment to contemporary urban design was discussed in three aspects. Through the quantitative analysis, two pairs of very closely correlated variables were obtained and the correlations have been proven to be bidirectional anisotropy, which can support related urban design in the future. This research has developed a framework to analyse Chinese ancient paintings depicted under mixed influence of formality and informality, and explored the approaches about transformation from historical scenario to urban design.Pozycja Urban Morphology and Anthropology – Synergies and a Joint Language(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Kilje Bim; Stojanovski TodorUrban anthropology is a sub-branch of social anthropology, and works, like urban morphology, with the city as field of study. While urban morphology is concerned with physical form, urban elements and pattern analyses over time, anthropology’s perspective is that of the social and cultural in the present moment. Anthropology investigates people’s experiences and meaning-making, and can bring a humanistic and qualitative lens to historical morphological studies, as well as futuristic planning and urban design. This paper looks at literature and theories in social anthropology and urban morphology to discuss and encourage convergence in morphological, anthropological, planning and urban design discourses. Pierre Bourdieu's theories are widely used by anthropologists and his concepts of habitus and social space are relevant to morphology. Habitus are the embodied dispositions that guide individuals in their behaviours and has been described as a sense of one’s own and other’s place. Social space is the physical space where relations between different habit uses play out. These two concepts are of interest to the study of spatiality, emplacement and mobility and can inform how we think about physical and social environments in relation to each other. This paper aims to find a joint language and create synergy between urban morphology and urban anthropology and contribute with holistic and humanistic approaches in analysing cities, city planning and urban design.Pozycja Shifting Spaces of Resistance: A Processual Study of the Recent Protests in the Everyday in Delhi(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Dayal ArpitaThis paper studies the recent shift in spaces of resistance from designated to non-designated, peripheral and everyday public spaces in Delhi, the political capital of India. It further argues that this shift is essentially a state driven phenomenon instigated by preventing access to public space administered as a mechanism to diminish resistance against state activities. The study critiques the shrinking nature of democratic spaces in Delhi, thereby exposing how the city has been, in many ways, reorganised around the idea of preventing or subjugating protest. Drawing from an ethnographic study of the spontaneous anti CAA protests at Shaheen Bagh in 2019–20 and the Farmers protests against the three farm bills at the borders of Delhi in 2020–21, the research analyses how new forms of resistance emerge in these sites chosen and reclaimed by the public barred from institutional channels. By analysing the organic processes involved in the movement, occupation and identity formation, it examines the unique urban morphologies of transience, formed during the social and spatial evolution of the protest site. In doing so, findings reveal the transformative potential associated with these protests, thereby questioning the idea of permanence in their transience. This has implications on the definitions of a true protest, and represents how such spatial acts of resistances are manifestations of peoples aspirations and anxieties, where new communities of citizenship formed at protest sites are characterised by inversive processes of inbetweenness. The study thus attempts to redefine the everyday as a boundless space that allows for diversity, complexity and simultaneity in extraordinary situations as opposed to the dominant authoritarian narrative of the planned public space. Therefore, this paper situates within a larger discussion about alternative space-making processes in the city from ground up which reflects in the long standing ontological debate over use and value of public space.Pozycja Describing and prescribing. Transitional Morphologies in Rimini, Italy(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Crapolicchio MartinaThe mutation of urban structures is inevitable as it reflects the regenerative processes of the city influenced by political, social and economic factors. This transformation must not be stemmed but guided. In the Italian historical centres, the approach aims not to preserve the ancient forms through restoration but to select and choose those that can remain active in a new context due to their intrinsic strength. To avoid indiscriminately planning a conservation programme, one of the possible solutions for regenerating historical structures is to provide an active role of each morphological category. The study presented here aims to formulate directive and implementation guidelines in the form of regulations for the historical centre of Rimini, Italy. The research question asks about the relationship between description and prescription. In this case, the descriptive part is based on the urban reading through a morpho-typological investigation with a diachronic and transitional approach. This method allows an understanding of the connection between the network of settlements and the territory and how the original arrangement has been transformed through innovations guided by new factors and settlement models. The analysis was carried out on five morpho-typologically clusters to demonstrate if it is possible to set up an operative matrix to define the knowledge base to reformulate and overcome the existing rules and codes.