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Pozycja Discussion on the effect of topographic barrier on the morphology of Chinese mountainous cities: an example of Southwest China(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Zhuoyuan Sun; Yong HuangChina is a mountainous country and mountains account for 69% of the country’s land area. Therefore, relevant scholars believe that the second half of Chinese development with high quality urbanization is in the mountainous region. Topographic barrier in this mountainous district have been produced unique morphology of mountainous cities which also have negative impacts such as excessive construction costs and information blocking. So we take mountainous cities in south-western region which own the most mountainous cities in China, as the research object to analysis how to achieve high-quality development with mountainous region in China. Firstly, we summarize the types of topographic barrier such as horizontal cutting, vertical limitation and integrated guidance to form four morphological types of mountainous cities including clump, ribbon, radial and group over time by figure-to-bottom relationship and typological analysis. Then this interweaving of natural and artificial built environment forms a generalized spatiotemporal evolution model of mountainous cities. Finally, this evolutionary process has also formed spatial effects of different scales from region, urban and block perspective, respectively. Therefore, this article expects to introduce a Chinese unique mountainous urban space, providing a reference for development of mountainous cities in other countries.Pozycja Opening-up of extra-large blocks in China(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Wang Hanyan; Xu KaiThe scale of urban blocks in Chinese cities is generally larger compared to that in Western. In history, amounts of space that serves daily life is offered by those space within blocks. Today, in a time when the bordering roads of these blocks are gradually occupied by motorized vehicle traffic and the plots within blocks enclose their borders, the structure of public space system is getting vague. This paper claims that there are deep-seated reasons for such this situation which needs to be analysed with typo-morphological methods. Taking Shanghai’s inner city as an example, this paper starts with identifying the BLOCK, then conducts quantitative analysis on all such areas with particular observation on their longest side length and absolute area as two respective parameters and finally concludes with statistic data characteristics of these extra-large blocks, following with selecting a number of these blocks and carrying out Conzen methods on them. The findings are: 1) Two main morphological types can be observed: single-plot block and multiple-plot block. 2) These main types can be further categorized into several sub-types. According to aforementioned typological findings, various urban regeneration strategies on each types are proposed, on basis of both morphological target and feasibility.Pozycja On the relationship between urban form and amenities: A new perspective from Qom (Iran)(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Venerandi Alessandro; Zamani Vahid; Porta SergioAmenities are fundamental for urban life as they promote socio-economic interactions and enhance city dynamics. Previous studies investigated the relationship between metrics of street network centrality and urban amenities. However, they hardly focused on further aspects of the built environment. A further drawback is that relationships were mainly assessed through linear models even though more complex and non-linear relationships plausibly exist. In this work, we, first, comprehensively describe the urban form of our case study, the city of Qom (Iran), through a set of 55 morphometrics computed at the plot level; second, we investigate the relationship between these metrics and density of amenities, through a set of machine learning techniques that handle non-linear behaviours. The best model explains up to 45% of the variance of the density measure, with coverage ratio, plot size, floor area ratio, street canyon width, and betweenness centrality being the top five explanatory factors. While the findings of this work do not have universal value, the methodology can be replicated to explore the same research question in different contexts. It can also be used as an evidence-based tool to inform design choices in urban redevelopment affecting the location of amenities in cities.Pozycja Fringe Belt Phenomenon in Chinese metropolis: A Case Study of Guangzhou(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Siliang He; Yinsheng TianFringe belts are preserved zones formed fromthe former marginal area embedded in the city centre during the process of urban development, which has historical and cultural value, ecological value and recreational value. Guangzhou is the central city in South China with dense river system. In modern era, the ancient city wall was demolished and roads were built on the wall base. The Pearl River waterway and the demolished city walls had a persistent influence on the formation and layout of the fringe belts, which made the formation and evolution course of Guangzhou fringe belts different from other cities. The article divides the formation and transformation period of the fringe belts, analyses the morphological characteristics and evolution mechanism of fringe belts in these stages, and interprets the urbanization and reorganization process of Guangzhou on a new level.Pozycja The Concept of the Urban Palimpsest. The Urban Fabric Transformations in Inherited City image(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Sarihan ElifTransformations and spatial patterns of physical forms are the basis of urban morphological studies to understand and interpret the process-based – multi-layered – transitions, transformations and spatial patterns of physical components. The concept of palimpsest explains the continuous construction over time (historical stratification), but the scale of urban palimpsest is more than that. The research points out the pragmatic nature of the urban fabric and aims to examine the relationship between the fundamental types of transformations and their distinctive forces. Thus, in the current study, the structure of historical layering analysis includes elaborating the proposed palimpsest concept via comparison/overlapping historic maps of urban fabric types. The layers of inherited city image can experience through the combination of different urban morphological approaches. Via the combination of historico-geographical, typo-morphological, and configurational approaches of urban morphology, the layering analysis will be established. The purpose of the current paper is to demonstrate the urban palimpsest concept and make a proof of the concept in the urban conservation sites of Istanbul.Pozycja Jerusalem beyond the walls(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Rociola Francesco GiuseppeIn Jerusalem two parts coexist critically: the Old City, a historical-symbolic palimpsest always affected by traumatic transformations and the new neighborhoods outside the walls. The Old City, from the 20th Century, lives the dual condition of being a city-museum and a place of ethnic-religious conflict at the same time, while the new districts isolate the walled city with a fragmented ring in which planned Israelis neighborhoods and those spontaneous Palestinians are opposed, wedged between sacred areas. Today this condition defines a historical heritage in which places full of memories are confronted with a contradictory and mostly degraded urban context. The aim of the paper is to analyze the area that separates the Old City from the ‘new city’, along the Kidron valley. The conflict between the monumental and landscape palimpsest and the degradation characterizing this unique place is the basis of the discussion which wants to reflect on the possibility of introjecting the problematic reality of the transformations that in recent decades have partly obscured the legibility of the monumental polycentric landscape of Jerusalem. Attempting to reveal some critical issues that hopefully will be useful for the debate involving the relationship between ‘contemporary’ and ‘ancient’, understood as ‘active’ conservation of urban cultural heritage, i.e. protection inside a dynamic of mutations. Moreover, the research will contribute to deepen the interpretation of urban phenomena in contexts in which a symbolic stratified tissue is confronted with incoherent and traumatic urban process, typical of areas of conflict.Pozycja The places of the crisis as a gnoseological field of new interpretative processes(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Riondino Vito AntonioThe research filed is the plastic-masonry territory of Mediterranean, focused on the city of Taranto: a city of ancient Magna Graecia, characterized by an extraordinary historical-archaeological-landscape palimpsest, for decades subject to regressive transformations, due to vast industrial plants and scattered settlements, detached from the organic relationship with the historic city, with its sea, with the countryside. The aim is to experiment methods to resolve the pathologies of the contemporary city with regard to the palimpsest inherited from urban history, focusing above all on public spaces. The method is based on the historical-processual reading, aimed at understanding the formative phases of the city and at identifying and classifying the phenomena composing and characterizing the aggregative space. Starting from this reading, the essay proposes a reflection on regressive phenomena, through a project experimenting a critical relationship between original codes, organic evolutions, critical transformations and their possible re-meanings. The project site is to the north of ‘Mar Piccolo’, a sea basin facing the historic city. An area with landscape values, subject to regressive phenomena due the presence of the largest steel plant in Europe and bounded by the shipyards and the ‘Tamburi’ district, detached from the direct relationship and organic with the historical city. These issues allow to reflect critically not only on the specific theme, but also on the meaning and methods of the contemporary project. Rethinking these places in fact means making a critical and multidisciplinary comparison between consolidated urban codes and the current needs. A comparison that becomes the gnoseological field through which to plan the renewal actions according to a critical continuity capable, at the same time, of revealing new meanings of urban grammar.Pozycja Reading and understanding built environments in Quebec (Canada): Urban morphology at the service of a sustainable urban design approach(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Racine FrançoisThis paper is aimed to present a book about the physical and spatial organization of villages, cities, and agglomerations of the territory of the province of Quebec, located in Canada. It will be of particular interest to people who intervene, exercise a professional practice or study in the fields of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban geography, heritage, and urban design. In addition to presenting the key notions of urban morphology opening the way to an in-depth understanding of the mode of structuring of human settlements, the book explains and applies, with the help of several case studies, the methods of analysis of this field of research to read and characterize the built environments of Quebec. Finally, examples show how morphological knowledge can be operationalized in intervention strategies and urban design projects at multiple scales. At a time when the crisis of climate change urges us to deeply rethink our ways of inhabiting and practicing the territory, it is essential to better understand the product of our collective experience in these matters. Why not draw useful lessons from this to feed the work of planning, design and management of the quality and integrity of our built environment?Pozycja On Streets. Streets as an Element of Urban Fabric(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Psenner Angelika; Tobisch SusanneScientists and practitioners alike use the term public space when referring to squares, plazas, markets or parks; less often it is used in connection with streets, although streets and roads occupy the biggest share of un-built urban space. It is not only the sheer amount that makes streets the most important sphere for an urban society, but streets also represent a continuous and all-accessible spatial construct, a network that spans the entire city. Our paper provides an in-depth review of selected historical literature that focuses on streets as public space in densely built-up areas; with the aim of developing an understanding of the on-time academic discussion around the requirements and nature of these streets. This should help us to recognise the genesis of our existing urban structures and in particular of the secondary streets. In the second part, following the previously elaborated findings, we strive to identify existing and potential qualities of those street spaces; whereby it is important for us to leave the usual intra-disciplinary connotations and to read street as an inherent part of the systemic urban parterre. By examining cross-cutting issues that are mostly underrepresented in discipline-specific discourse, the ultimate goal is to achieve a better understanding of one of the most fundamental determinants of a city's quality of life: the actual spatial and functional quality of secondary streets.Pozycja A piazza for Pedavena in the Belluno Dolomites: Towards recognition of an urban identity(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Pietrogrande Enrico; Dalla Caneva AlessandroThe town of Pedavena is situated in the Province of Belluno not far from Venice and its redevelopment of the urban space of the piazza has been a particular subject of reflection by the local authority. The town of Pedavena was studied by a research group from the Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering at the University of Padua. Today the urban form of this small provincial Commune is the result of the fragmentary growth of the residential urban fabric that is arranged around a more or less compact central nucleus. The meeting space of the community is presented as a place unresolved in its form, lacking precise and definable limits and crossed by the main transit routes. The streets assume the centrality and significance that has to be given to a piazza as a place to be, stay and live. The planning experience of the research group is a valid example of designing liveable civil place by interpreting the city as a unitary fact where the piazza is a place with a clear and distinct form according to an idea of the city made of interconnected spaces, each one formally different but related in rich meaningful spatial sequences possessing the civil character of the urbs.