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Stały URI dla kolekcjihttp://hdl.handle.net/11652/5022

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20232

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  • Pozycja
    Morphological Investigation of the Urban Form of Qom (Iran) at the Micro-scale: Spatial Distribution of Streets and Activities
    (Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Zamani Vahid; Mohammadi Mahmoud; Ghalehnoee Mahmoud
    Streets function as the interaction space for two systems of movement and activity. Street layout has influence on both distribution pattern of commercial/service (CS) activities and motorized/pedestrian traffic pattern and vice versa. Qom, a city located in central Iran with a long history of civilization, is characterised by a diverse typology of urban form and accordingly, different kinds of movement-activity patterns in the historic, middle and peripheral areas as the result of morphological, economic and social drivers. To take a step towards recognizing the patterns, this paper aims at rigorously explaining the relationship between the structural features of street layout and CS activity presence in Qom at the micro-scale, i.e. street segments, of the centralised zones through adopting a quantitative approach. After identifying ten morphologically-homogenous high-centralised superblocks – called local morphological zones (LMZs) –regarding street network centrality index of local closeness (LCNC) using Multiple Centrality Assessment (MCA), thedistribution of layout/activity elements alongside the street segments (weighted by LCNC) are investigated using Lorenz curve.Then, the distribution density datasets of layout/activity elements are modelled using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) andanalysed by raster comparison techniques. The findings show that the linear distribution of the CS activities alongside the streetnetwork shows more relationship with LCNC rather than the street nodes. Concerning the areal distribution, the highest spatialcorrelation is found between the street nodes, i.e. three-ways and dead-ends and street segments (weighted by LCNC);furthermore, regarding street pattern, a typical historic fabric of Qom is a high-centralised area characterised by high proportionof three-ways and dead-ends, but, by low proportion of four-ways. The results are applicable in achieving the goals ofcommunity planning.
  • Pozycja
    From street network topology to generic accessibility indices: Supraposition of Graph theory measures on morphological localities
    (Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Kopp Lukas; Rypar Vit; Havlova Zdenka
    Spatial analysis of street network accessibility has been widely utilised by academics and urban designers. However, when assessing the overall accessibility performance of larger morphologically consistent units – the urban localities – the results articulated on the street network are potentially problematic to interpret and generalize. This paper presents an innovative approach to the synthesis of various street network accessibility measures in the form of generic accessibility indices projected to various morphological localities. It determines a method specifically suitable for Prague urban tissues and it further explores the possible application of these indices in urban design and planning. Its objectives are (1) to identify and describe the spatial accessibility of public space and morphological characteristics of street spaces using network analysis; (2) to establish and assess accessibility indices for morphologically distinctive localities; (3) to examine the correlation between the accessibility indices of individual localities and their time of origin, providing valuable insight into the process of city evolution. The configurative analysis is carried out on a detailed street network within the administrative borders of Prague. Accessibility variables are then superposed on existing morphological localities delimited accordingly to the Conzenian tradition of urban morphology. Methods stemming from system ecology and descriptive statistics are utilised to provide control over the aggregation of the original variables into the generic accessibility indices while preserving sufficient descriptiveness. The results provide a valuable reference for various accessibility indices evaluation options in relation to the choice of statistical calculation and variables.