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Pozycja Discussion on the effect of topographic barrier on the morphology of Chinese mountainous cities: an example of Southwest China(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Zhuoyuan Sun; Yong HuangChina is a mountainous country and mountains account for 69% of the country’s land area. Therefore, relevant scholars believe that the second half of Chinese development with high quality urbanization is in the mountainous region. Topographic barrier in this mountainous district have been produced unique morphology of mountainous cities which also have negative impacts such as excessive construction costs and information blocking. So we take mountainous cities in south-western region which own the most mountainous cities in China, as the research object to analysis how to achieve high-quality development with mountainous region in China. Firstly, we summarize the types of topographic barrier such as horizontal cutting, vertical limitation and integrated guidance to form four morphological types of mountainous cities including clump, ribbon, radial and group over time by figure-to-bottom relationship and typological analysis. Then this interweaving of natural and artificial built environment forms a generalized spatiotemporal evolution model of mountainous cities. Finally, this evolutionary process has also formed spatial effects of different scales from region, urban and block perspective, respectively. Therefore, this article expects to introduce a Chinese unique mountainous urban space, providing a reference for development of mountainous cities in other countries.Pozycja Retain or Rebuild: Different Pathways of Redevelopment in Urbanising Chinese Villages(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Utzig Lukas; Vaughan Laura; Misselwitz PhilippWhile the ongoing rapid urbanisation in China transforms farmland into urban areas, old villages receive a certain level of protection from being completely rebuilt. This is due to the grassroots ownership of rural land, which is held by village collectives. The village becomes surrounded by the city, called chengzhongcun. During this intense transformation from an agricultural to a landless way of life, the village collectives redevelop their dense settlement in very different ways to create resilience and benefit from the opportunities that urbanisation brings. This research is examining four old villages in the Huangyan-Taizhou region during their redevelopment. It will be analysed how different stakeholder decisions create variations in their urban form and how this influences their economic resilience. Employing methods from the space syntax framework coupled with land use mapping and interviews, this research builds on Hillier’s concept of the movement economy. Hillier finds that urban form generates movement, which then becomes the precursor for street-based economic activities such as retail and services. This relates to Vaughan’s and Hall’s work on ethnic marketplaces which identifies informal economic networks as key social safety nets of low-income and migrant neighbourhoods. The findings suggest that villages that have seen bottom-up incremental changes and retained their organic street network generate higher movement than rebuilt villages and thus are able to shift their economies towards the service sector. Their building stock is also more adaptable to ground-floor subdivisions and retail use, while redeveloped villages often have set-back buildings with residential ground floors that cannot facilitate informal use or retail space. Since the former farmland surrounding the villages is developed into industrial land, the villages are the only possible site for restaurants, shops and other amenities, creating many opportunities for villagers. They can be however only realised with specific pathways of redevelopment.Pozycja Morphological characteristics of the waterfront ancient fortress settlement in South-eastern Shanxi based on System Theory: Space Syntax Analyses of Fort Diji in the Qinhe River Basin, China(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Jing Wanqi; Han ChenyangWith the rapid urban expansion, morphology of the Chinese waterfront ancient fortress settlement struggles to accommodate the changing needs of contemporary life. How to balance the relationship between spatial pattern protection and settlement development is the problem that need to be addressed. Taking Fort Diji (Yangcheng County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province) as a complex system, morphological characteristics analysis was divided into three research hierarchies based on system theory: 1) the spatial relationship between system and external environment; 2) the spatial organization structures of system's internal spaces; 3) the evolution process of the system in time and space; 4) In addition, research further explored the succession pattern of morphology and undelying organization mechanisms. Two kinds of Space Syntax Analysis Models (Axial Map, Visibility Map) were utilized to each proposed quantitative analysis scenario, focusing on the value of Integration, Connection and Topological Depth. The results include: 1) Poor traffic accessibility and narrow surrounding spaces contradict with tourism development; 2) Introversion of system is difficult to meet frequent communication needs of modern life. 3) Spaces on water with high Visibility value are inaccessible to tourists. 4) System presents three evolution stages: ‘from chaos to order’, ‘from simple to complex’ and ‘from flourish to decline’. Three aspects of sustainable development suggestions were further put forward: Integrate the town road network; Renovate the surrounding environment; Comply with the law of evolution.