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Item type:Pozycja, Spatially constrained optimisation of sustainable maize straw availability for bio-based processing systems(Elsevier, 2026-06-26) Abudu, Dan; Szufa, Szymon; Rozakis, Stelios; Piersa, Piotr; Borzęcka, Magdalena; Mocny, Krystian; Onwudili, Jude A.; Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute, Aston University. Abudu, Dan.; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology. Szufa, Szymon and Piersa, Piotr.; Bioeconomy and Biosystems Economics Lab, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete. Rozakis, Stelios.; APS-Ekoinnowacje. Piersa, Piotr.; Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Department of Geomatics. Borzęcka, Magdalena and Mocny, Krystian.The deployment of bioenergy and carbon removal systems depends critically on the availability of sustainable and reliable biomass feedstocks. However, most biomass assessments rest on theoretical, technical or even economic potential estimates that do not reflect real-world supply constraints. This study develops a spatially explicit framework to quantify sustainability-constrained, reliability-adjusted and mobilisation-aware biomass supply, translating resource availability into a bankable feedstock metric for infrastructure planning. The framework integrates Earth observation-based crop mapping, straw production estimation, environmental sustainability constraints, probabilistic reliability assessment (P80) and socio-economic mobilisation modelling within a unified workflow. It is applied to maize straw in Lodzkie Voivodeship in Poland, over the period 2020-2025. Results show that technical straw potential ranged from 0.40 to 0.77 Mt yr 1, sustainability constraints reduced this by 36-61%. Incorporating interannual variability further reduced supply by converting mean availability into a conservative P80 estimate and mobilisation constraints limited practically accessible biomass to approximately 15-25% of technical straw. These results demonstrate that only a fraction of theoretical biomass can be considered sustainable, dependable and contractable. Comparison with the feedstock requirement of a 10- thr -1 biochar facility (75 kt yr -1) shows that supply is sufficient under sustainability and reliability constraints but becomes highly constrained once mobilisation is considered. This highlights the importance of integrating environmental, temporal and behavioural constraints in biomass assessment. The proposed framework provides a transferable and compatible approach with Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems, linking biomass resource assessment to deployment-relevant decision-making and establishes a foundation for subsequent optimisation of distributed bioenergy supply systems.Item type:Pozycja, High-value biochar from sunflower husk pyrolysis enhances growth and physiological performance of Spirodela polyrhiza(Springer Nature, 2026-06-19) Osmańska, Julia; Szufa, Szymon; Romanowska-Duda, Zdzislawa; Mohammad, Omar; Unyay, Hilal; Wozniak, Casey; Piersa, Piotr; Czerwińska, Justyna; Kazimierski, Paweł; Regkouzas, Panagiotis; Stefanakis, Alexandros; Panek, Bartosz; Onwudili, Jude A.; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology. Osmańska, Julia; Szufa, Szymon; Unyay, Hilal; Piersa, Piotr; Czerwińska, Justyna & Panek, Bartosz.; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz. Romanowska-Duda, Zdzislawa & Wozniak, Casey.; Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University. Mohammad, Omar & Onwudili, Jude A. ; APS-Ekoinnowacje. Piersa, Piotr & Kazimierski, Paweł.; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete. Regkouzas, Panagiotis & Stefanakis, Alexandros.Rising populations intensify food demand and place increasing pressure on already degraded soils, driving the need for sustainable, waste-derived fertilizers that can enhance plant growth. This research aimed to assess the potential use of biochar as a soil amendment to support plant growth. The biochar used in this study was produced from sunflower husk and examined in three variants obtained at pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 °C, applied at different dosage levels. Spirodela polyrhiza served as the model plant species. Assessment was based on changes in chlorophyll index, fluorescence, frond number, and overall plant condition. Temperature-dependent changes in biochar properties were further analysed using SEM, FTIR, BET, and GC-MS. The results indicate that the pyrolysis products used in this study did not exhibit toxic effects on Spirodela polyrhiza growth. Instead, all analysed variants showed a generally positive influence on plant development, reflected in a clear stimulatory response. The findings demonstrate that the impact of biochar on plant growth was strongly dependent on both the pyrolysis temperature and the applied dose, with the most favourable outcomes observed for biochar produced at 400–500 °C. Overall, the study identifies sunflower husk as a duckweed growth-stimulating material and supports its further consideration as an environmentally safe, waste-derived fertilizer component.Item type:Pozycja, Analysis of the Potential for Thermochemical Utilization of Post-Production Maize Waste Through the Production of Coal Substitutes in the Pyrolysis Process(MDPI, 2026-04-21) Piersa, Piotr; Szufa, Szymon; Piersa, Katarzyna; Spławski, Olgierd; Kazimierski, Paweł; APS-Ekoinnowacje. Piersa, Piotr.; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology. Piersa, Piotr.; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology. Szufa, Szymon.; APS-Ekoinnowacje. Piersa, Katarzyna.; Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Spławski, Olgierd.; Institute of Mechanics and Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology. Kazimierski, Paweł.The dynamic growth of global maize production results in the generation of large amounts of residues originating from both cultivation and processing, creating a need to develop efficient and sustainable management pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing selected maize-derived residues (straw, cobs, technical maize, and post-fermentation DDGS) for the production of densified solid fuels based on biochar obtained through pyrolysis at 500 °C. The study included analyses of the mineral composition of biomass and biochar, determination of biochar yield, ash content, and higher heating value (HHV). The biochar yield ranged from 30.19% to 42.49%, with the highest values obtained for DDGS (dried distillers grains with solubles). The pyrolysis process led to an increase in HHV to 25.3–32.14 MJ/kg. These values are comparable to the calorific values of hard coal. The results indicate that biochar derived from maize residues may represent a promising feedstock for the production of solid fuels with increased energy density, while the ashes generated during their combustion show potential for agricultural applications.