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Pozycja Taxonomy of contemporary urban forms in France: Towards an Urban Atlas through Multiple Fabric Assessment(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Fusco Giovanni; Araldi Alessandro; Emsellem David; Overal DenisBridging southern and northern Europe, France presents very diversified urban landscapes, combining vernacular cores, modernist developments, sprawling suburbia and very specific exurbs. Traditional urban and rural landscapes weredifferent among French cultural regions, whereas more recent ones are apparently more homogeneous throughout the country. Research in urban morphology and heritage conservation produced considerable knowledge about French traditional urban forms. On the contrary, attention to more recent forms and non-residential areas, as well as to their contributionto contemporary French cityscapes is more recent. The identification and characterisation of France’s urban fabricsand morphological regionalization of French cities remained for long a complex task, traditionally based on in-depth assessments, restricted to specific historical, geographical, and cultural contexts. Recent advancements in morphometric analysis propose innovative computer-aided protocols overcoming these limits. Among them, Multiple Fabric Assessment is a Bayesian streetscape-based urban morphometric protocol for morphological regionalization. First presented at ISUF2017, MFA has already been applied to several urban areas with diverse sociocultural contexts and geographical scales. MFA has been further developed and upscaled to analyse and compare wider study areas. The paper presents its implementation for four metropolitan areas of France, around the cities of Lyon, Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, Lille-Roubaix-Tourcoing and Nice-Cannes-Antibes, allowing a multiscale comparative analysis of French urban forms. A shared taxonomy of urban fabric types (morphotypes) for the different case studies is proposed. The outcome of these analyses is a first contribution to a national atlas of morphologically regionalized metropolitan areas.Pozycja Dynamic Place Attachment as Enabler in Redevelopment Programs of Singapore Public Housing Neighborhoods(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Ellenbogen Nirit Rivka; Trivic ZdravkoSingapore is characterized by land scarcity, rapidly changing demographic conditions, and around 80% of its population living in public housing. In the context of massive urban regeneration-induced displacement programs, and particularly ‘Selective En-bloc Scheme’ (SERS), this paper seeks to illuminate the dynamic nature of place attachment in response to change and uncertainty. Informed by the literature review, we propose an original conceptual framework to capture place attachment at displacement, with particular focus on the role of place and time. The framework comprises four interdependent dimensions, namely: socio-spatial network, community ties, engagement/negotiation and continuity/familiarity. A five-week pilot study was conducted in Tanglin Halt neighborhood, currently undergoing its third displacement project. It employed mixed-method research, comprising policy-review, initial spatial mapping and analysis, first-person observations, and 137 surveys and 38 interviews with local residents and visitors. Key-findings highlight the continuous role of built-environment, socio-spatial heart in particular, in construction and re-construction of place attachment over-time, whereby the presence of a socio-ecological system promotes dynamic (rather than stagnant) occurrence of place attachment and adaptation to disruptions. If carefully considered, place attachment can improve relocation processes and enable mobility. Finally, the pilot study informed an ongoing longitudinal study, with refined spatial mapping method.Pozycja The role of the open public spaces during the pandemic: A case study of ‘Parque Ibirapuera’(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Fava Lins Ana Clara; Ferreira Leite de Mello Caroline; Ziggiatti Monteiro Evandro2022 was the third consecutive year for which the COVID-19 pandemic lasted. Social distancing, the main strategy adopted to prevent the virus spread, has intensified a behaviour change, while people started to do their activities digitally, the act of physically being present in a given place or situation grows in importance. Walking on the streets, meeting people in parks, and seeing and being seen by others, have become essential for maintaining civic behaviour, mental health, and interpersonal's tightening relationships. Understanding how these changes affect cities in their future transformations is crucial. Attempting to explore this domain in-depth, this paper uses a case study about ‘Parque Ibirapuera’ – the most visited park in Latin America, located in São Paulo (Brazil), to explore changes in its visitors' behaviours. Photos, croquis, and news articles regarding the site before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were used for comparative purposes in this analysis. A bibliographical revision of documents surrounding ‘Parque Ibirapuera’s’ context and purpose for the city around it was made in this research to achieve the best possible comprehension of the park's specifications, but also to highlight its importance in São Paulo. This paper was able to understand the public's space role during the pandemic in Brazilian reality, using Ibirapuera Park as an example.Pozycja A Morphological Analysis for the Inclusion of Social Housing Projects in the Centre of Guayaquil, a Restriction or an Opportunity?(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Delgado Alina; Torres Juan CarlosUrban centres revitalisation is a task undertaken by the governments of Latin American countries decades ago, following the trends of European nations. The high cost of peri-urban development, the deterioration of urban centres and the sub-use of existing urban infrastructure ignited interest in city centre revitalisation. Guayaquil is no exception to the above. In a city with a continuous expansion of its urban boundaries at a high economic, social and environmental cost, it becomes essential to consider housing projects to revitalise its urban centre. The purpose of this study is to analyse possibilities or restrictions for including social housing projects in the city centre, based on the analysis of existing urban tissues. A combination of methods is used, including the study of concepts, a morphological analysis of urban variables and a walkability assessment. Besides, land use instruments with a social focus are included for promoting and securing land for housing developments to contribute to urban centre revitalisation. Results indicate the relation between urban form, variables and possibilities for urban centre revitalisation through the inclusion of social housing projects. The study concludes with a critical reflection regarding the opportunities or restrictions of the selected approach to include new revitalisation proposals and how the different visions of the city could be integrated and included in the existing urban pattern.Pozycja ISUF vs. HERSUS Glossary: Correlating Urban Morphology to Heritage Awareness and Sustainability of Built Environment(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Djokić Vladan; Milojević Milica P.; Milovanović Aleksandra; Djordjević Aleksandra; Pešić MladenThis paper builds on the intellectual outputs of the project titled Enhancing of Heritage Awareness and Sustainability of Built Environment in Architectural and Urban Design Higher Education (HERSUS), coordinated by the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture as a leading higher education institution, with partner institutions from Venice, Cyprus, Thessaloniki and Seville. The focus of the paper is in mapping the index of concepts between ISUF Glossary and the glossary produced within HERSUS project, that will enable the comparison of the discourse in Heritage and Sustainability with the discourse of Morphological Research. The purpose of this paper is to see through the comparison of the terms from both glossaries and hence contribute to the discussion of terminology, specifically regarding RE-terms (reuse, resilience, reconstruction), that were initially set as guiding tracks of the HERSUS project. The conclusions related to the interlink between ISUF and HERSUS glossaries will be perceived as important input for tag matrix upgrade, future use of HERSUS Sharing platform (open repository of ideas), that could strengthen the role of morphological approaches in research and in architectural and urban design projects related to heritage awareness and sustainability of built environment.Pozycja Study on Clustering of Urban Morphology Control Units Based on Risk Theory(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Ge Xuan; Wang Guoguang; Zhang ShifuWith the increasing threat of new types of risks from global climate change, the ‘uncertainty’ emphasized by the risk theory has become the most urgent problem to be faced in modern urban planning and governance. As the main element of the basic structure of the city, the urban morphology control unit should reflect the sensitivity, vulnerability and resilience of the city to deal with new types of risks, but the analysis on this issue needs to be further improved. This study selects Guangzhou, China as the case study city, with reference mainly to the risk society theory and risk city theory derived from the former one, trying to start from the three aspects of social group attributes, renewable energy application potential and ecological water storage potential, to classify and analyse ‘risk-based’ Guangzhou urban morphology control units. The results show that the Guangzhou urban morphology control units could be clustered into two types from social group aspect and five types from clean and recycled technology aspect, thus providing targeted advices. This study helps enrich the connotation and practical value of urban morphology theory.Pozycja Riabitare Alicia. Through different shapes and scales of urban regeneration in Salemi(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Della Scala Valerio; Dini Roberto; Lanteri SilviaThe main objective of this work is to understand the role that punctual project actions can play within broader territorial systems, crossing the municipal dimension to extend to the micro-regional one, observing the weight that this kind of realities can assume within the debate on the inner areas in recent years: the moment of crisis is reinterpreted as an opportunity for reflection and transformation, the ruins become the ideal material for fielding design experiments within a dimension that is not only formal but processual and regulatory, producing a very dense layering of spatial outcomes and visions for the future, in which reading and design intertwine to construct new imaginaries. In doing so, the city of Salemi – and more extensively the Belice territory – is taken as an open-air urban experimental bench, exploring possible trajectories of regeneration through spatial interpretation and meta-projects at the urban and architectural scales.Pozycja Urban Corners in Guangzhou: Desing, Morphology and Everyday Life, 1757–1949(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Deng Hao; Chen FeiUrban corners are a distinct form of public space, yet little has been written about how this type of space has emerged and developed from a historical perspective. Addressing this gap, this paper presents a historical study of the spatial forms of urban corners in China. We reframe the Everyday Urbanism paradigm as an analytical framework to investigate the dynamics of the corners through three particular dimensions: design governance, morphological characteristics and everyday use. Drawing on historical sources such as maps, planning documents, old photographs and drawings, private written records and existing studies, we apply the framework to examine the transformation process of urban corners in the historic city core, Guangzhou, from 1757 to 1949. Findings suggest that urban corners have the potential to become an important cultural heritage in China’s historic cities. It concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for culture-led regeneration in contemporary China.Pozycja Chinese Economic Transition and the Evolution of Liuhua Clothing Wholesale District in Guangzhou, China(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Guo FangjieCommunist country China’s post-1978 radical economic transition led to extraordinary morphological and functional changes in urban space. Dramatic changes resulting from the economic transition from centralized administrative allocation to the commercialization of land, suddenly endow space with distinct capital values; accordingly, spaces are linked to different functions. The Liuhua Clothing Wholesale District in Guangzhou offers the researcher an opportunity for the re-examination of morphological changes in accordance with these dramatic urban renewal processes under economic transition. It is the Liuhua District’s position on the south of the large transportation hub Guangzhou Railway Station that started the rapid growth of a brand-new clothing wholesale district. The deficiency of urban planning (Yeh 2004) created the local conditions for the development of an re-articulated, efficiently integrated, organic commercial district. This research aims to unravel the impact of economic and functional changes related to Liuhua District’s urban renewal processes with Actor-network-theory. For research design, grounded theory makes it possible to build up arguments on research data. Research data are obtained through methods including archive research, semi-structured interview and mapping. Archives including policies and historical maps enable the investigation of the Liuhua District’s evolving processes and morphological changes. Semi-structured interview is adopted to collect information about experience and memories on economic and functional changes; the interviews were conducted with 40 people of distinct professions in Liuhua District. Mapping is adopted for recording and representing spatial changes. For data analysis, graphic and nongraphic materials are coded to draw themes. This research will contribute to a critical understanding on how economic and functional changes impact urban renewal processes in Chinese context.Pozycja Development of new indexes of the ‘Generic City’ in the Baltic coastal city network(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Gloaguen Thomas; Zaleckis Kęstutis; Gadal SébastienThe concept of ‘Generic City’ is used in space syntax to model the levels of functioning of cities – interactions, flows, impacts of spatial, urban, and territorial structures and organisations. The traditionally associated indexes of ‘Choice’ and ‘Integration’ provide additional possibilities for comparison and classification of urban structures in a context where public policymaking requires more knowledge about cities in terms of connectivity, centrality, accessibility, etc. In this article, we extend the application of the ‘Generic City’ concept, originally designed for cities, to the coastal regions of the Baltic countries –Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. New indexes are being experimented to highlight ‘foreground’ and ‘background’ networksand better reflect the local peculiarities of Baltic urban structures, whose evolution is dependent on political and economicfactors of the last decades. Their robustness is tested by Spearman and Pearson's correlations with human activity data.The results show that for a limited radius of 1 km, the ‘Betweenness’ and ‘Length’ indexes perform best in describingthe ‘background’ network. For an unlimited radius, the correlations with the ‘Network Quantity Penalized by Distance’ indexare robust to validate the ‘foreground’ network model. The results highlight the need to normalise the indexes to comparenetworks of different sizes.Pozycja A Comparative Study on the Spatial Capacity of University Campuses in Guangdong Province(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Guo Weihong; Ding Yaqian; Yang Guang; Liu XiaoIn an era of stock development, the objective is to propose strategies to adapt to the future spatial renewal and transformation of university campuses in urban areas of Guangdong to resolve the contradiction between the limited campus capacity and the annually increasing number of students. In this paper, eight universities in Guangdong are selected, and their spatial patterns and capacities are compared and analysed in terms of the theoretical concepts of urban morphology, extracting the planar layout, floor area, street space, and number of students and teachers of the eight universities, and comparing them with those of some other universities in China and with the index requirements in the relevant Chinese standards and regulations. The analysis indicates that the campuses in Guangdong have reached their maximum student and instructor population, construction density, and spatial capacity. The ensuing spatial expansion of the campus should prioritize stock development and internal spatial adjustment and optimization, with the teaching function taking precedence and a broader public service area supporting the talent cultivation program. In this manner, the concept of Guangdong-specific spatial rejuvenation of university campuses is discussed.Pozycja Morphological regionalization for the urban renovation agenda in Daegu, South Korea(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Gohaud Emilien; Schuetze ThorstenFollowing the maturation of Korean cities, urban renovation has become the primary concern of urban policies. Large wholesale redevelopments continue to address decay from a purely physical point of view. In contrast, new area-based urban regeneration projects propose a more delicate and holistic approach to addressing urban decline. The designation of redevelopment or regeneration project areas is not based on the presence of specific urban forms but primarily on technical and economic prospects. As a result, the urban tissue is increasingly losing its structure and coherence. To better connect urban renovation with urban form, it is necessary to identify the various urban fabrics composing large cities such as Daegu. This research executed a large-scale morphological regionalization analysis for the central Daegu city area, based on analysing and evaluating mapping results based on two mapping methods: mixed morphogenetic mapping and morphogenetic mapping. The research results unveil that the urban renovation processes in Daegu lead to the overall consolidation of large apartment complex areas. In contrast, the fine grain urban fabrics that still cover the largest share of the urbanized area are increasingly fragmented. The proposed regionalization is the base for new urban renovation strategy propositions.Pozycja Proximity and temporality: The role of weekly markets in the metropolitan food system of Barcelona(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Gomez-Escoda Eulalia; Fuertes PereThis paper analyses the role of weekly markets in the food supply system in metropolitan Barcelona, understanding their form, measures and urban role in relation to market halls and other grocery stores. Quantitative – in relation to the population they serve, the area they occupy, the distances they are from other providers – and qualitative – about what types of food and what variety they offer – approaches are based on drawings made by the authors that try to capture the architectural form and urban insertion of these food suppliers. At a time when proximity has set the agenda of urban interventions; and in which tactical and strategic urban planning are part of ongoing metropolitan transformations, looking at this ephemeral formalization of essential commerce acquires a structural meaning related to urban form. The topic addressed is part of an investigation started in 2018 that relates the urban form of Barcelona with the food supply system. The specific look at the existing weekly markets aims to prove the effectiveness of these pieces as tools to strengthen the metropolitan food system.Pozycja Combined Accessibility Index for Public Transport Networks The case of Donostia / San Sebastián(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Gortazar-Balerdi Ander; Markusiewicz JacekOne of the greatest challenges of the contemporary city in the context of energy transformation is that of sustainable mobility. The issue is marked by the dichotomy between the city centre and its periphery and also by the social class conditions, and it is at the centre of the current local political agendas. The article focuses on a mobility project that the authors carried out: the bus network redesign proposal for Donostia / San Sebastián, as a result of the study of its public transport service coverage. The paper introduces the concept of CAI, Combined Accessibility Index, which we used as an indicator for different simulations during the network redesign process. It also aims to illustrate the opportunities that data analysis, visualisation, or simulation methodologies offer in the field of sustainable mobility among others.Pozycja Change in Urban form along streets in Historic cities with Religious cores(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Gopal Arathy; Mathur Mayank; Singh MandeepThe study objective was to understand the change in urban form along streets in historic cities with religious cores. Two cities – Temple city of India (Thanjavur) and a Cathedral city of Norway (Trondheim) – were studied. In Thanjavur, data collection involved photographs of existing buildings and historic data derived from a questionnaire survey of residents. In Trondheim, data collection involved photographs of existing buildings and historic data derived from archival sources. The findings show the nature of changes along streets, the possible causal change agents, and the differences in the two contexts. In Thanjavur, the religiousness of the core was found to bring about an increase in specific types of buildings. However, the change was less triggered by religious reasons in the case of Trondheim. Though both cities are historic cities with religious cores, the change was found to be driven by different factors. The difference can be attributed to ‘religious faith’ in Thanjavur and the absence of it in the secular conditions of Trondheim. The findings could add to the theory by introducing a socially placed ‘sacred’ phenomenon causing changes in urban form in Temple cities of Asia as opposed to Cathedral cities of Europe.Pozycja Construction of flood control planning model for historical and cultural towns near the river: Taking Daxu Ancient Town as an example(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Hu Yushan; Yang LiIn the stage of rapid development of global warming and urbanization, the contradiction between the production and living needs of citizens and the frequent waterlogging is prominent. The existing basic research on flood disasters focuses more on cities and watersheds, and less on suburban revitalization. However, under the guidance of the traditional idea of selecting the location of camps, China has built a large number of historical and cultural ancient towns along the river, all of which face huge flood risks. The frequent occurrence of flood disasters continues to threaten the production and living space of residents, making it difficult for residents to lack happiness in life and difficult to protect the historical heritage of ancient towns. At the same time, due to the limitation of financial resources and manpower, the efficiency of rescue organizations has been greatly reduced, making the protection of ancient towns in a more difficult situation. Taking Daxu Ancient Town in Guilin City, Guangxi Province as an example, this paper introduces in detail the use of building space, protection response methods and emergency response modes in the face of flood disasters, proposes the ancient town protection response strategy for flood disasters and constructs a protection model, so as to provide a basis for the planning and management of ancient town protection and flood prevention and emergency rescue.Pozycja The Study of Xi ‘an Unitary Settlements’ Redevelopment Strategy in “Mobility Space” Aspect(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Hu Miaofen; Yan ShuiyuIn the 1950s, during the period of Chinese socialist collective economy, many unit-system urban settlements were formed that served the employees of the same enterprise, with cohesive space, complete functions, and independent land use as the basic spatial units. The migration of people, goods and capital had led to a dramatic ‘spatial reorganisation’ of these unitary urban areas. This paper selects the unitary settlements of the third, fourth and fifth factories of the State Cotton Factory in the Fangzhi City area of Xi'an as the research target. With the help of emerging network data and ArcGIS visualisation, using multiple sources of data to build a matrix of human, logistics, capital, information and traffic flows to study the network structure and node structure of mobility links at the block scale and obtain the development status and spatial network structure of the unitary settlements in the Fangzhi City area. The research shows that the flow connection network group is closely connected and the social network analysis subgroup structure is clear. Based on the existing form and development trend of this kind of flow space, a redevelopment strategy for unit-based residential quarters adapted to flow is proposed to comprehensively improve the quality and vitality of the community.Pozycja A Historico-geographical approach of Fringe-Belt Phenomena in Kadıköy, Istanbul(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Hafizoğlu Eda; Sema Kubat AyşeFringe-belts are significant in determining the spatial growth cycles and relationships of poly-centric cities such as Istanbul, where rapid urbanization accelerated with the land use changes. Kadıköy, located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, is not only a primary transfer and cultural center and secondary central business area, but also a primary urban transformation area today. While Kadıköy, which formed the outer fringe-belt of Istanbul until the mid-1800s, completed its spatial development on the basis of the building block in the 1990s; it has been going through a renewal process on the building scale for the last 20 years. This study targets the analysis of the formation and modification of fringe-belts in Kadıköy's historical settlement area and its immediate surroundings with direct/indirect actors in a historico-geographical approach. Concordantly, the ‘fringe-belt theory’ constitutes the methodology of the study. The land utilizations of fringe-belts in Kadıköy are analyzed comparatively by overlapping the historical city map, periodic satellite images and zoning plan; and the results are also digitized. The findings, while revealing whether fringe-belts should be recognized in urban policy-making and planning for megacities with historical and natural heritages, question the role of fringe-belts within the scope of ongoing and future urban projects.Pozycja A Research Study on Historical Preservation and Urban Renewal of the Bund(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Huang XiaoyingThe Bund became the first area of urbanization in Shanghai in 1843. After experiencing the golden construction era in the 1930s, it formed a unique urban form of ‘high-density enclosed blocks’. In recent years, with the focus of Shanghai's urban development shifting to urban renewal, the Bund area is also gradually entering a new urban renewal cycle, facing challenges for space expansion and functional improvement, and facing the problem of mutual restriction between historical preservation and spatial growth. Therefore, in the renewal process of the Bund area, it is necessary not only to meet the spatial growth brought by the changing functions, but also to maintain its unique historical urban form and morphological characteristics. It is urgent in this cycle to establish a more targeted and operable framework of historical preservation to balance and stabilize the impact and changes brought by the renewal and development projects in the historical area. This study will take the Bund as the research object, review the historical process of its urban form and the formation of its urban spatial morphological characteristics, take ‘block-street-building’ as the research framework, analyse its multi-level spatial morphological characteristic elements, and establish its historical protection framework in the process of urban renewal. Further, this study will take the renewal projects of three blocks in the Bund area as a case study, analysing how the historical preservation framework could play an effective role in the renewal process, so as to deal with the uncertainty of development projects in various scattered blocks, and to maintain the stability and continuity of the urban form of the Bund historical area.Pozycja A Study on Color Application and Perception in Urban Neighborhood Renewal Based on Simulation Comparison: Taking the Case of Kuangdaxuefu Street in Xuzhou, China(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) He Fang; He Yong; Sun LiangFor the emotional needs of architectural color diversity in the renewal of urban micro-scale areas in China, this study intends to explore the trends in color perception which are influenced by changes in architectural color characteristics. In this study, the main color characteristics that influence the urban color renewal were determined through the preliminary basic investigation in China. The color psychological perception experiments were conducted by combining VR technology with questionnaire, so as to determine the correlation between architectural color characteristics and main color perceptions, as well as the correlation between different color perceptions.