Nowej generacji wielofunkcyjne włókna alginianowe do zastosowań medycznych

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to develop spinning conditions of various multifunctional alginate fibres designed for miscellaneous medical application. Based on the tests of the basie spinning parameters ( as-spun dra w ratio and deformation during the drawing stage ), optimal conditions were selected for the production of alginie acid fibers, in which the use of acid groups of the fiberforming materiał makes it possible to incorporate an antibiotic of a new generation with graduał release capabilities. The degree of acid group substitution as well as the absorption properties and strength characteristics of the obtained fibers were determined. During the spinning stage, Distreptase was incorporated into the alginie acid fibers that are soluble (chaniging into gel) in the medium of wound. The optimization of the fiber-spinning process intended to obtain increased fiber strength has resulted in the selection of manufacturing conditions for zinc alginate fibers with antibacterial properties designed for wounds in a subsequent stage of healing. There was also developed a process for the manufacture of precursor fibers from calcium alginate containing silica nanoparticles. It has been found that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles in an amount of 3% allows one to obtain fibers with a tenacity of 20 cN/tex. Owing to the presence of calcium and silicon in the precursor fibers, the resultant carbon fibers will support the bone reconstruction process. The effect of basie spinning parameters on the porous structure, sorption properties and strength characteristics of fibers from copper alginate was assessed. It has been found that the fibers formed under optimal conditions show high moisture absorption and electro-conductive properties. For all the alginate fibers obtained under optimal conditions there was performed a comparative analysis of the effect of polymer chemical structure on the supermolecular structure of the fibers determined by the WAXS method) and their moisture absorption, tenacity as well as electric and thermal properties. lt has been found that all the fibers are characterized by high sorption properties, which at a low total pore volume is connected mainly with the hydrophilic character of the fiber-forming materiał. The electro-conductivity and accompanying polarization processes are also dependent on the chemical structure of the fiber-forming matter. Antibacterial properties of all types of alginate fibers were determined on the bassis of the stunting zone of bacterial growth, while in the case of alginie acid fibers, the release rate of the incorporated antibiotic was determined. The textile processing of individual types of fibers was assessed by performing weaving and knitting tests. All the types of obtained alginate fibers show features of multi-functional fibers that predispose them for thep medical applications in question.Istotą pracy było opracowanie warunków formowania różnego typu wielofunkcyjnych włókien alginianowych przeznaczonych do różnorodnych zastosowań medycznych. Na podstawie badań wpływu podstawowych parametrów procesu formowania, (wyciągu filierowego i deformacji w etapie rozciągu) wytypowano optymalne warunki wytwarzania włókien z kwasu alginowego, alginianu wapnia zawierającego nanododatek Si02, włókien z alginianu cynku oraz miedzi. Podano mechanizm procesu zestalania poszczególnych typów włókien. Dla wszystkich otrzymanych w optymalnych warunkach włókien alginianowych przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą wpływu budowy chemicznej tworzywa na strukturę nadmolekulamą ( oznaczoną metodą W A.XS), porowatość, właściwości sorpcyjne, i wytrzymałość właściwą, właściwości elektryczne i termiczne oraz właściwości antybakteryjne. Dla włókien z alginianu wapnia w oparciu o badania SEM+ EDS oceniano równomierność rozłożenia nanododatku na powierzchni włókien. Dokonano oceny przerobowości poszczególnych rodzajów włókien techniką dziewiarską i tkacką.