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Pozycja Energy method for position stability analysis of critical points of robot manipulators.(Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej, 2004) Szumiński, Przemysław; Kapitaniak, Tomasz; Stefański, AndrzejAn energy method for the position stability analysis of critical points (equilibrium positions) of dynamical systems with an arbitrary finite number of degrees of freedom is presented. The method proposed consists in the analysis of the potential energy balance of a perturbation of an arbitrary number of generalised co-ordinates of the dynamical system in order to establish the energy stability of individual degrees of freedom and of the whole system. In the case of mechanical systems, the position stability criterion, understood as minimisation of loads of driving systems with conservative forces, is discussed. Some examples of application of the method to the position stability analysis of critical points of one- and two-degree-of-freedom systems are analysed.Pozycja Energy balance of two synchronized self-excited pendulums with different masses.(Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej, 2012) Kapitaniak, Tomasz; Czołczyński, Krzysztof; Perlikowski, Przemysław; Stefański, AndrzejWe consider the synchronization of two self-excited pendulums with different masses. We show that such pendulums hanging on the same beam can show almost-complete (in-phase) and almost-antiphase synchronizations in which the difference of the pendulums displacements is small. Our approximate analytical analysis allows one to derive the synchronization conditions and explains the observed types of synchronizations as well as gives an approximate formula for amplitudes of both the pendulums and the phase shift between them. We consider the energy balance in the system and show how the energy is transferred between the pendulums via the oscillating beam allowing synchronization of the pendulums.