Artykuły BioTrainValue / BioTrainValue Articles
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Pozycja Wet torrefaction of biomass waste into levulinic acid and high-quality hydrochar using H-beta zeolite catalyst(Elsevier, 2024) Kostyniuk, Andrii; Likozar, Blaž; Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry. Kostyniuk, Andrii and Likozar, Blaž.; Faculty of Polymer Technology. Likozar, Blaž.; Pulp and Paper Institute. Likozar, Blaž; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana. Likozar, Blaž.Wet torrefaction (WT) is an effective pretreatment method of biomass waste for producing high-quality hydrochar and valuable liquid products. This study delves into how acid catalysts and reaction conditions in WT impact the resulting hydrochar's surface characteristics and elemental composition, as well as the distribution of liquid products. The focus is on utilizing wood cellulose pulp residue (WCPR) as the feedstock with H-Beta zeolite catalyst in a nitrogen-rich environment. The WT process involves a temperature range of 180–260 °C, and reaction durations spanning 15–60 min. The findings reveal that WT conditions, including the catalyst for WCPR, significantly influence the hydrochar's properties and liquid product distribution. With increasing temperature and reaction time, the hydrochar experiences changes, including increased carbon content and reduced oxygen content. The study identifies 260 °C and 30 min as the optimal temperature and time for levulinic acid production, achieving a remarkable selectivity of 62.8% with the H-Beta zeolite catalyst using H2O/WCPR = 10. Various properties of the resulting hydrochar are assessed, including higher heating values (HHVs), decarbonization (DC), dehydrogenation (DH), deoxygenation (DO), enhancement factor, carbon enrichment, surface area, pore diameter, weight loss as well as solid, carbon, hydrogen, and energy yields. The WT + Beta_220 sample, processed at 220 °C for 30 min, exhibited the highest HHV at 30.3 MJ/kg and carbon content at 78.9% in hydrochar compared to various biomass types, with an enhancement factor of 1.51 and carbon enrichment of 1.63, while the sequence of element removal during WT prioritized as DO > DH > DC. Furthermore, it is worth highlighting that the most significant weight loss, increasing from 17.0 to 60.7%, was observed under the same WT conditions. Lastly, a comprehensive reaction pathway is proposed to elucidate the WT of WCPR with the presence of H-Beta zeolite catalyst under these optimized conditions.Pozycja Catalytic wet torrefaction of biomass waste into bio-ethanol, levulinic acid, and high quality solid fuel(Elsevier, 2024) Kostyniuk, Andrii; Likozar, Blaž; Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering. National Institute of Chemistry. Kostyniuk, Andrii and Likozar, Blaž.; Faculty of Polymer Technology. Likozar, Blaž.; Pulp and Paper Institute. Likozar, Blaž.; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology. University of Ljubljana. Likozar, Blaž.Creating a sustainable society hinges on efficient chemical and fuel production from renewable cellulosic biomass, necessitating the development of innovative transformation routes from cellulose. In this investigation, we unveil a pioneering chemocatalytic method, utilizing an H-ZSM-5 catalyst within a batch reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere, for the simultaneous one-pot generation of levulinic acid (LA) and/or ethanol during wet torrefaction (WT) of wood cellulose pulp residue (WCPR), yielding high-quality solid fuel. WT parameters include a temperature range of 180 to 260 °C, H2O/WCPR = 10, and reaction durations of 15 to 60 min. Optimal conditions for bio-ethanol production are identified at 180 °C and 15 min, achieving an outstanding 89.8 % selectivity with H-ZSM-5 catalyst. Notably, 69.5 % LA formation occurs at 240 °C after 60 min. Hydrochar assessments include higher heating values (HHVs), decarbonization (DC), dehydrogenation (DH), deoxygenation (DO), enhancement factor, carbon enrichment, surface area, pore diameter, weight loss, and yields of solid, carbon, hydrogen, and energy. The highest carbon content of 76.7 % is attained at 260 °C for 60 min, resulting in an HHV of 29.0 MJ/kg, an enhancement factor of 1.44, and carbon enrichment of 1.59, with a sequence of element removal as DO > DH > DC. A proposed reaction pathway elucidates WT of WCPR with the H-ZSM-5 catalyst, emphasizing the direct cellulose conversion into hydroxyacetone and subsequent ethanol generation through C–C cleavage of hydroxyacetone. Through this research approach, both ethanol and LA can be produced efficiently from renewable cellulosic biomass, offering a novel pathway to reduce dependence on fossil resources.