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Effect of Modification on Characteristic Values of TDA Curves
(2014) Gumienny, Grzegorz; Szymczak, Tomasz; Pacyniak, Tadeusz
The work presents the examination results of the effect of strontium and antimony modification on the microstructure of a cast and the characteristic values of the TDA curves. Strontium and antimony modifiers were added to silumin 226 in a melting crucible furnace, separately, in the amounts of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3% of the mass of the modified metal. After modification, the silumin was refined with the solid refiner ECOSAL-Al 113 in the amount of 0.5% of the charge mass.
Effect of Temperature on Ausferritic Nodular Cast Iron Microstructure
(2014) Gumienny, Grzegorz; Klimek, Leszek
The work presents the results of the studies of the effect of the temperature on the microstructure of ausferritic nodular cast iron. The ausferrite in the matrix was obtained by way of a specific combination of molybdenum and copper. The cast iron underwent annealing at the temperatures of 520, 550 and 580°C. The work presents the effect of the annealing temperature on the fraction of austenite in the cast iron matrix. The annealed and non-annealed cast iron hardness is given. The work also proves that an increase in the temperature up to 580°C causes a drop in the cast iron hardness.
Effect of the Hold Time and Temperature on Characteristic Quantities of TDA Curves
(2014) Szymczak, Tomasz; Gumienny, Grzegorz; Pacyniak, Tadeusz
This paper presents the effect of the temperature and hold time in the holding furnace of 226 silumin on the characteristic quantities of TDA curves. The temperature of phase transformations and the cooling rate were tested.It has been shown that increasing both the hold time and the temperature in the holdingfurnace cause the decreasethe end ofα+Al9Fe3Si2+β and α+Al2Cu+βternary eutectics crystallizationtemperature in the tested silumin. This is due to the fact an increase in amounts of impurities as a result of reacting theliquid alloy with the gases contained in the air.It has been shown, however, that examined technological factors ofthe metal preparation do not cause systematic changes in the cooling rate.
Investigation of an Advanced Cellulose Profile Used for the Manufacture of Gating Systems
(2014) Zawieja, Zbigniew; Sawicki, Jacek; Gumienny, Grzegorz; Sobczyk-Guzenda, Anna
The herein paper contains the results of investigations on a new type of cellulose blend used for the manufacture of profiles applied in the process of making gating systems in the foundry industry. A standard cellulose profile was subjected to an experiment. During the experiment the profile was filled with a liquid cast iron and at the same time the temperatures of the liquid metal crystallizing inside the profile were measured as well as the temperature of the outer layer of the profile was controlled. Further, the microstructure of the cast iron, which crystallized out inside the cellulose profile, was analysed and the cellulose, thermally degraded after the experiment, was verified with the use of the chemical analysis method. Moreover, a quality analysis of the original as well as the degraded cellulose profile was run with the use of the FTIR infrared spectroscopy. The presented results revealed that the cellulose blend is aluminium silicate enriched and contains organic binder additives. The cast iron, which crystallized out, tended to have an equilibrium pearlitic structure with the release of graphite and carbides. The generation of disequilibrium ausferrite phases was also observed in the structure.
Manufacturing. Instructions for Laboratory
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Gumienny, Grzegorz; Władysiak, Ryszard; Januszewicz, Bartłomiej; Just, Paweł; Koter, Katarzyna; Witkowski, Błażej; Zgórniak, Piotr; Zora, Andrzej; Deja, Mariusz
Making things has been an essential activity of human civilizations since before recorded history. Today, the term manufacturing is used for this activity. For technological and economic reasons, manufacturing is important to the welfare of the all developed and developing nations. Technology can be defined as the application of science to provide society and its members with those things that are needed or desired. Technology affects our daily lives, directly and indirectly, in many ways. Manufacturing is the critical factor that makes technology possible. The word manufacture is derived from two Latin words, manus (hand) and factus (make); the combination means made by hand. The English word manufacture is several centuries old, and “made by hand” accurately described the manual methods used when the word was first coined. Manufacturing – Instructions for laboratory, is designed for a first course or two-course sequence in manufacturing at the bechelor’s level in mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering curricula. Given its coverage of engineering materials, it is also suitable for materials science and engineering courses that emphasize materials processing. Finally, it may be appropriate for technology programs related to the preceding engineering disciplines. Most of the script’s content is concerned with manufacturing processes (about 65% of the text), but it also provides significant coverage of engineering materials and production systems. Materials, processes, and systems are the basic building blocks of modern manufacturing and the three broad subject areas covered in the script.
Selected Aspects of Nitrogen Refinement of Silumin 226
(2014) Szymczak, Tomasz; Gumienny, Grzegorz; Pacyniak, Tadeusz
The work presents the results of the investigations of the effect of the nitrogen (N2) refining time „τraf” and the gas output on the course of the crystallization process, the microstructure and the gassing degree of silumin 226 used for pressure casting. The refinement of the examined silumin was performed with the use of a device with a rotating head. The crystallization process was examined by way of thermal analysis and derivative analysis TDA. The performed examinations showed that the prolongation of the N2 refining time causes a significant rise of the temperature of the crystallization end of the silumin, „tL”, as well as a decrease of its gassing degree, „Z”. An increase of the nitrogen output initially causes an increase of the temperature „tL” and a drop of the gassing degree „Z”, which reach their maximal values with the output of 20 dm3/min. Further increase of the output causes a decrease of the value „tL” and an increase of „Z”. The examined technological factors of the refining process did not cause any significant changes in the microstructure of silumin 226.