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The Causes and Consequences of School Closures in Inner-City Calgary
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Sandalack A. Beverly
During the early decades of the 2000s, eleven schools closed in Calgary’s established neighbourhoods, due to declining enrolment or outdated infrastructure. The loss of a school is often devastating to a community and can lead to further population decline. A research project was commissioned by the government to investigate the causes and consequences of school closures and to make recommendations, particularly related to urban form, to address the issues. Analysis of the 500 sq km study area included historic evolution of urban form, schools mapping and data analysis, development of a typology of school buildings and grounds, mapping of school inter-relationships and closures, review of school board practices and policies, and precedent studies. A case study of the catchment area of one high school included historic evolution of urban form factors, mapping of the network of feeder schools, analysis of neighbourhood and schools socio-demographics, and a review of school program changes. The causes of school closures relate to a combination of city development processes, neighbourhood lifecycles, neighbourhood types, infill and densification processes, housing types, school sizes and building types, socio-demographic factors influencing school choice, and school board policies, and the consequences affect neighbourhoods and communities.
Landscape Approaches to Climate Change, Economics and Pandemics – Rethinking Calgary Parks and Open Space Systems
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Sandalack A. Beverly
Parks and open spaces are planned and designed to respond to the needs, issues and demographics of their time, but may not be the ‘right’ spaces or systems to address new populations or concerns. The City of Calgary’s Climate Resilience Strategy focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and taking actions to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events. It is quiet on the subject of parks and open space systems and the potential of the landscape to help in addressing climate change. An approach is proposed that could bring together the languages and methods of landscape ecology, urban morphology and urban design. A landscape architecture studio took on this topic and the approach, with the study area consisting of one quadrant of Calgary that was developed in the 1950s–1980s. The methods included mapping and analysis (historic evolution, natural environment, urban structure, socio-demographics and the public realm) and synthesizing them in order to identify issues and formulate proposals. New spatial organizations and morphologies along with better ways of planning and designing landscape systems could help address issues of climate change and lead to the development of a more responsive public realm. This approach could also help to re-frame the city image.