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Pozycja The impact of COVID-19 on the economic resilience and spatial vitality of urban commercial cluster(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Che Jihyun; Kim Saehoon; Lee JaeSeungThe spread of COVID-19 greatly limited physical and economic activities in global cities through increasing fears of infection and government-driven lockdown measures. Accordingly, shopping activities has moved from conventional markets to e-commerce significantly. Urban retails have drastically decreased over the years due to competition from these disruptive influences, yet reaction capacities are known to differ by scale and characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of commercial clusters with high economic resilience during the pandemic. Specifically, the research focused on how online and in-store sales affected differently to resilience of neighbourhood- and district-level urban commercial clusters in 2019 and 2020. Using panel vector auto-regressive modelling, the study explored the interrelationship between online and in-store by districts’ characteristics. For the research, credit card payment data in F&B sector, floating population, and the number of coronavirus confirmed cases data in Seoul, Korea was used to evaluate the vitality of the commercial clusters. Findings suggest that neighbourhood-level commercial cluster would be more resilient and expected to recover in sales more quickly. This indicates that commercial clusters would be more resilient if had steady populations, low rent loads, and were able to accommodate online shopping.Pozycja Strategies to enhance the competitiveness of the city by realization of publicness(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Yoon Soyoung; Kim SaeHoon; Lee JaeSeungAs the world's economy becomes increasingly globalized, cities compete for people, capital and jobs with other areas. It is empirically known that the ‘realization of publicness’ is critical to enhancing a city's competitiveness. There are many actors in implementing publicness and here the local government and corporations are the key actors. Many actors are in play, including local governments and private corporations, creating the edges of public space towards value creation. This paper attempts to analyse the physical asset of public spaces in the Seoul metropolitan area, where many jobs have been created.