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Pozycja The evaluation of heat-mitigation strategies on outdoor heat stress in the waterfront public spaces(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Jang Gukhwa; Kim Saehoon; Lee Jae SeungDue to climate change, urban thermal discomfort has become a common concern for urban planners. Urban water bodies play an important role in the quality of urban public spaces, significantly influencing the urban microclimatic condition. However, poorly planned waterfront spaces worsen heat stress and block fresh airflow into urban areas. Given that the water bodies are a public asset for improving urban microclimate, the design process for waterfront areas should incorporate consideration of the urban thermal condition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to suggest heat-mitigation strategies for waterfront areas by evaluating the cooling effects of some design concepts. We focused on the following two heat mitigation strategies: 1) planning wind corridors and 2) creating diverse building height profiles. In this research, we compared the heat stress of outdoor spaces before and after applying each strategy on a hot summer day. Using ENVI-met, we modeled and simulated several models to measure air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, mean radiant temperature and physiological equivalent temperature (PET). From the results, we identified that the two design strategies had different effects on the heat environment. The 50-meter-wide wind corridor in the center of residential blocks had noticeable cooling effects on the thermal condition by improving outdoor ventilation. On the other hand, the outdoor thermal discomfort in residential blocks with varying building heights was worsened compared to homogeneous building heights. Therefore, our implications support urban planning for mitigating overheated urban areas.Pozycja The impact of COVID-19 on the economic resilience and spatial vitality of urban commercial cluster(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Che Jihyun; Kim Saehoon; Lee JaeSeungThe spread of COVID-19 greatly limited physical and economic activities in global cities through increasing fears of infection and government-driven lockdown measures. Accordingly, shopping activities has moved from conventional markets to e-commerce significantly. Urban retails have drastically decreased over the years due to competition from these disruptive influences, yet reaction capacities are known to differ by scale and characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of commercial clusters with high economic resilience during the pandemic. Specifically, the research focused on how online and in-store sales affected differently to resilience of neighbourhood- and district-level urban commercial clusters in 2019 and 2020. Using panel vector auto-regressive modelling, the study explored the interrelationship between online and in-store by districts’ characteristics. For the research, credit card payment data in F&B sector, floating population, and the number of coronavirus confirmed cases data in Seoul, Korea was used to evaluate the vitality of the commercial clusters. Findings suggest that neighbourhood-level commercial cluster would be more resilient and expected to recover in sales more quickly. This indicates that commercial clusters would be more resilient if had steady populations, low rent loads, and were able to accommodate online shopping.