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Pozycja Morphogenesis of urban peripheries in the 20th century: Examples from the French Riviera(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Prouin Clément; Fusco Giovanni; Caglioni Matteo; Overal DenisIn this paper, we present the first urbanization and the subsequent transformations of the urban fabric in peripheral areas around the cities of the French Riviera, with a focus on the 20th century. More specifically, two urban sectors are analyzed in the cities of Nice and Cagnes-sur-Mer. Cadastral maps, aerial images and urban plans over a century and a half constitute the main inputs of the analysis. These coastal cities represent two paradigmatic contexts for the French Riviera. In Nice, the first urbanization was channeled by different plans of the street network, with different spatial logics in the 19th and in the 20th centuries. In Cagnes-sur-Mer, planning interventions were much more fragmented and sometimes completely absent. The second after-war period constitutes a paradigm shift in the urbanization process. A general scheme of the different phases of the morphogenetic process is proposed to summarize our main finding. It shows that the observed urban forms can result from different evolutionary paths. At the same time, strong path-dependencies characterize the sequence of the morphological processes. Compact city forms can be catalyzed by a planned urban grid, but can also evolve more spontaneously. Planned tree-like structures with built-up plots blocking the dead-ends produce less evolutive residential forms. Topographic constraints and urban pressure linked to accessibility patterns in a context of urban growth are also important factors in explaining the observed processes.Pozycja Taxonomy of contemporary urban forms in France: Towards an Urban Atlas through Multiple Fabric Assessment(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2023) Fusco Giovanni; Araldi Alessandro; Emsellem David; Overal DenisBridging southern and northern Europe, France presents very diversified urban landscapes, combining vernacular cores, modernist developments, sprawling suburbia and very specific exurbs. Traditional urban and rural landscapes weredifferent among French cultural regions, whereas more recent ones are apparently more homogeneous throughout the country. Research in urban morphology and heritage conservation produced considerable knowledge about French traditional urban forms. On the contrary, attention to more recent forms and non-residential areas, as well as to their contributionto contemporary French cityscapes is more recent. The identification and characterisation of France’s urban fabricsand morphological regionalization of French cities remained for long a complex task, traditionally based on in-depth assessments, restricted to specific historical, geographical, and cultural contexts. Recent advancements in morphometric analysis propose innovative computer-aided protocols overcoming these limits. Among them, Multiple Fabric Assessment is a Bayesian streetscape-based urban morphometric protocol for morphological regionalization. First presented at ISUF2017, MFA has already been applied to several urban areas with diverse sociocultural contexts and geographical scales. MFA has been further developed and upscaled to analyse and compare wider study areas. The paper presents its implementation for four metropolitan areas of France, around the cities of Lyon, Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, Lille-Roubaix-Tourcoing and Nice-Cannes-Antibes, allowing a multiscale comparative analysis of French urban forms. A shared taxonomy of urban fabric types (morphotypes) for the different case studies is proposed. The outcome of these analyses is a first contribution to a national atlas of morphologically regionalized metropolitan areas.