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Stały URI dla kolekcjihttp://hdl.handle.net/11652/4411

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Textile ballistic shields with embroidered structure
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Gloger, Maciej; Stempień, Zbigniew; Pinkos, Justyna
Textile ballistic shields are the basis of protection against bullets and fragments with low kinetic energy. They are usually made of para-aramid fabrics or UD sheets of HPPE. The aim of the research presented in this article was to obtain ballistic packages made of embroidered structures and to compare their ballistic properties with those of woven structures, in terms of deformation of the standardised ballistic substrate after impact with a 9 mm bullet at a velocity of 380±3 m/s. The embroidered structures were made by embroidering two sets of para-aramid threads at an angle of 90°. As with the woven structures, the use of para-aramid fabric made of the same yarn and with a surface weight comparable to that of an embroidered structure, was adopted. The ballistic packages consisted of 26 layers in five variants, taking into account the hybrid arrangement of woven and embroidered layers. Ballistic tests have shown that the best ballistic properties have hybrid packages made by folding 13 woven and then 13 embroidered layers, where the maximum deformation of the plasticine substrate was below 23 mm. The conducted research confirmed that embroidered structures can significantly improve the ballistic properties of textile packages when appropriately combined with woven structures.
Multi-function woven fabric with carrier particles of PU-TiO2 coating filled in local pipes
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Zhou, Bin; Wang, Huiling
For preventing nano material from coming into contact with skin to generate a toxic effect, Nano TiO2 is prepared by a sol-gel method. The appearance, the crystal form and particle size of TiO2 are researched through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) , an X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other instruments. PUTiO2 coating is prepared, the coating is uniformly coated to an outer layer of semen cassiae. Local pipes are formed on weft-wise front surface and back surface of woven fabric through a special process. By taking the local pipes with good sealing performance as carriers, semen cassiae is filled in the pipes. Two-ply silver-plated polyester/cotton (65/35) yarns are used as the raw material of warp and weft of the fabric, for providing special health care and protection functions for the fabric. An average particle size of the semen cassiae is 2.54 mm by testing, and all technological parameters are calculated to obtain a best number of semen cassiae particles added at the tubular structure. By testing, the results show that the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), the transmittance(UVA), the maximum SE, the minimum SE, the heat preservation rate, bacteriostatic rate against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus of the designed fabric was 48.9, 2.92%, 51.3 (dBm),32.32 (dBm), 33.2%, 92.2%, 95.3%, respectively.
Natural dyeing of recycled cotton and polyester-cotton blended yarns with chitosan biomordant
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Gisbert-Payá, Jaime; Uysal, Serkan; Capablanca, Lucía; Toprak-Cavdur, Tuba
Studies on recycling and natural dyeing have gained great importance for the textile sector, which creates the most pollution and causes significant problems. Chitosan and its forms with their versatile properties are of great importance for many industrial areas from textiles to medicine. In this study, the effects of different-molecular-weight-chitosans as biomordants on the natural dyeing of recycled cotton and cotton-polyester yarns were investigated. The colorimetry results showed that while chitosan increased the yellowness and chroma of the colors, it decreased their redness, it is caused the colors to shift towards orange-yellow region. This change could be mitigated by changing the conditions under which the dyeings were conducted. Medium molecular weight chitosan was more effective in these changes than the low ones. Although there were changes in the angles of the colors, it was observed that the color strengths increased with the rise of the chitosan concentration. Although higher color strengths were obtained from dyes without chitosan, the increase in color depths with the increase of chitosan concentration revealed that chitosan could be used as a mordant. The good washing fastness obtained were explained by the low color strengths or the strong binding of chitosan and dye to the fiber.
Flame-retardant textiles: a general overview
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Ahrari, Mazyar; Kut, Yasar Dilek; Erkoc, Ertugrul
The use of conventional methods such as water, foam, gas, and powder fire extinguishing capsules requires timely presence and operation at the site of the fire. In many cases, the fire occurs imperceptibly. There are lots of cases causing a fire in homes and other places, one of which is the short circuit of electrical appliances. If people are not present in such a place, a small spark can have catastrophic consequences. Fire is easily and rapidly transmitted through walls, ceilings, upholstery, floor coverings, wallpapers, curtains, or pipes throughout the house and between floors of a building. Under these conditions, slowing down the flame propagation provides enough time for the fire brigade to arrive and take further action. Therefore, preventing a fire, extinguishing it in the early stages, or slowing its progression can reduce lots of damage to life and property. The advent of flame retardants has helped to reduce the damage. The emergence of textiles has brought many benefits and functionalities to life. In return for these benefits, the possibility of their ignition is a major concern. Therefore, familiarity with textiles burning mechanisms and methods to deal with it is essential for the safety of buildings, appliances, and vehicles.
Analysis of pressure parameters in orthopedic footwear for people suffering from diabetic foot syndrome
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Mikołajczyk, Zbigniew; Nowak, Iwona; Kuchyts, Yvan; Mikołajczyk-Solińska, Melania
The paper examines the anthropotechnical design of orthopedic footwear for patients with diabetic foot syndrome. A 3D distance knitted fabric is used for the shoe insert. For the purpose of the research, a 7 mm thick knitted fabric with transverse elasticity of 76 kPa was designed and produced on a doublebar warp knitting machine. With the use of the FreeMed Professional strain gauge mat, the pressures exerted by the foot on a „bare” walking surface and on the surface equipped with the distance knitted fabric were measured and compared, proving that in the latter case the unit pressure on the patient's foot decreased by 25%. The obtained measurements provide a good starting point for further research on the optimization of loads on the human foot, in case of various lower limbs diseases, including anatomical changes, as well as and in relation to people who are physically overloaded due to working in standing position or being in constant motion.
Experimental abrasion analysis of textile capacitive sensors
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Martínez-Estrada, Marc; Ventura, Heura; Gil, Ignacio; Fernández-García, Raúl
This paper presents an experimental abrasion analysis of textile capacitive sensors based on Martindale test. The textile sensor is manufactured with a well-known woven technology where some yarns are replaced by electrical conductive yarn. Specifically, two types of conductive yarns were used to compare the abrasion behaviour respect to conventional fabrics and the impact of abrasion on sensors functionality. The results show that the integration of conductive yarn on fabric don’t reduce the fabric lifetime and moreover the sensing behaviour remains unalterable during the lifetime of the textile.
Tunable silica nanofibrous structures in view of resolving challenging purification and separation obstacles
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Loccufier, Eva; Swanckaert, Bianca; Geltmeyer, Jozefien; Deventer, Koen; Van Hulle, Stijn W.H.; D’hooge, Dagmar R; De Buysser, Klaartje; De Clerck, Karen
Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers has been studied extensively and has shown to be possible via stable, reproducible and controllable processes. The development of more inert nanofibers with higher thermal and chemical resistance extends the application field towards challenging purification and separation obstacles of today. By direct electrospinning of a tetraorthosilicate (TEOS) based sol–gel solution, without a sacrificing carrier polymer, dense ceramic silica nanofibers can be produced. A humidity or temperature induced wettability-switch from highly hydrophobic after electrospinning to superhydrophilic makes the resulting silica nanofibrous membranes ideal for fast gravity-driven separation, especially upon tuning the surface chemistry and the functionalization. This is showcased for the separation of immiscible liquids and the photocatalytic degradation of organic micro-pollutants.
Wool finishing for washable worsted man’s jacket
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Rhouma, Amira Belhaj; Campagne, Christine; Behary, N. Massika; François, Sébastien; Lanceron, Charles; Vieillard, Julien
The aim of this study is to functionalize a 100% worsted wool fabric for use as washable suit jackets in a household washing machine (Samsung) with the wool/delicate cycle. In fact, it is highly recommended to wash worsted suit jackets by dry cleaning in order to avoid garment shrinkage when washing. Wool is known for its shrinking properties which make it difficult to wash with water. Varying chemical finishing were applied on woven worsted fabric. The aim of this finishing was to avoid both, felting shrinkage caused by the entanglement of fibres and fabric shrinkage due to fibre release strains and stresses introduced during processing, and hence improve its dimensional stability during domestic washing. A men jacket stitched with the chemically treated fabric was worn 5 times a week before being subjected to washing. Overall, 5 domestic washing were performed. And the fabric was analysed before and after the washings. Excellent dimensional stability was obtained without any sign of physical degradation as observed by SEM. This could be explained by the good adhesion of the fibre finish coating which resist to strains of wash and wear. Physical and chemical analysis using Zeta potential measurement would suggest that padding with a mixture of polycation (polyurethane based resin) and poly anion (polysiloxane-based resin) will help improving coating adhesion and hence its resistance to wash and wear.
Exploration and practice of textile and clothing training base construction
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Zhang, Li-feng; Chen, Gui-cui
In order to improve vocational education level of local economy. The textile and clothing training base under Yueda Textile Industry Institute mode was built. The basic situation and construction ideas of the base were sorted out, the construction contents of the productive practical training base were established, the main measures of the base construction were defined, and the functions of the base in the aspects of practical training topics, skill appraisal, talent cultivation and production practice were realized. Further improved the technical promotion ability of the training base to serve the teachers and students, enterprise employed and opened to the whole society. The construction of an open training base for textile and garment skills would provide talent support and technical services for the development of modern textile and garment industry.
Friction spun yarns with high RCF content for thermoset composites
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Hasan, Mir Mohammad Badrul; Huỳnh, Thị Anh Mỹ; Abdkader, Anwar; Cherif, Chokri
Thermoplastic composites based on hybrid yarn structures consisting of recycled carbon fibre (rCF) and thermoplastic fibres (rCF content approx. 50 weight percentage) achieve high mechanical properties because of a long fiber length, homogeneous mixing and even yarn structure [1]. However, manufacturing of yarns with high rCF content (>90%) required for thermoset composites is still not realizable. Because of the special properties of rCF such as low shear strength, smooth fibre surface and high brittleness, high shortening (≥ 70%) in fibre length of rCF occurs during different processing steps of spinning [2]. The wide distribution of rCF fibre length arising especially during carding of pure rCF is regarded as very critical. In addition to this, lack of crimp in rCF leads to drafting error during drawing and spinning process. As a result, the quality of a yarn with high rCF content is still not acceptable. For this purpose, investigations are carried out in this work to enable gentle processing of rCF to produce slivers consisting solely of rCF. Furthermore, different core sheath yarn structures with rCF content (>90%) have been developed on a DREF-3000 friction spin machine for thermoset composites.
Simulation based development of profiled carbon rovings for concrete reinforcements
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Penzel, Paul; Seidel, Jakob; Lang, Tobias Georg; Hahn, Lars; Cherif, Chokri; Mechtcherine, Viktor
Textile reinforcements are increasingly establishing their position in the building industry due to their high tensile properties and corrosion resistance. However, in contrast to ribbed monolithic steel bars with a defined form fit effect, the bond force of conventional carbon rovings are transmitted primarily by an adhesive bond (material fit) between the textile surface and the surrounding concrete matrix. Hence, relatively large bonding lengths are needed to transmit the bond forces, which results in an inefficient material utilization. New solutions involving tetrahedral profiled rovings and braided yarns promise significant improvements in the bonding behavior of textile reinforcements by creating an additional mechanical interlock with the concrete matrix, yet maintaining the high tensile properties of the carbon fibers. In order to increase the transmittable bond force and bond stiffness of the profiled rovings through a defined roving geometry, a simulation-based development was conducted. Hereby geometry and material models were developed and tensile tests as well as pull-out tests were simulated. The results of simulation and characterization enable the optimization of the geometry parameters of the tetrahedral profiled rovings and braided yarns to achieve better bond and tensile properties.
A study on barrier performance of medical face masks
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Munir, Muhammad Usman; Mikučionienė, Daiva
The sudden outbreak and rapid transmission of SARS-Covid-19 virus has urged people around the world to adopt safety measures to help stop the spread of this infectious disease. Thus, there comes a sudden increase in demand for PPEs such as face masks and gowns. This increase in demand has paved the way for low-quality medical face masks to the public, causing a serious threat to the contamination of the Covid-19 virus. Therefore, to verify the real picture of the performance quality of medical face masks, we carried out a study to check their barrier performance as per the requirements of International Standards EN 14683 and ASTM F2100. We conducted the bacterial filtration efficiency, particle filtration efficiency and differential pressure tests on all the medical face masks samples and found that almost all the masks fall under 95% filtration to bacterial aerosol requirement, 95% filtration efficiency to latex sphere, and had differential pressure in limits. Our study has also concluded a correlation between these performance criteria, and it would be a great help and time saving if we adopted the findings of this research. The out has helped to create public confidence in their quality performance.
Flowable 2D textile structures for the production of thermoplastic 3D FRP parts with continuous fiber reinforcement between shell and rib
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Hellmann, Sven; Overberg, Matthias; Pham, Minh Quang; Häntzsche, Eric; Gereke, Thomas; Cherif, Chokri
Nature shows evolutionary fiber-reinforced solutions, e.g. a peanut shell that enables a high stiffness with extremely low component masses by using complex shell and rib arrangements. Lightweight shellshaped components made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) are often stiffened with ribs. In this work, a new method is proposed to produce directional fiber reinforcement in the transition area from shell to rib and within the rib by a direct thermal pressing process. Numerical calculations are initially used to demonstrate the potential of this type of structure. The source material is a flowable 2D textile hybrid structure consisting of continuous glass fibers and discontinuous recycled carbon fibers. The arrangement of the fibers leads to a defined flow movement of matrix and fibers and thus the production of a 3D FRP component with continuous fibers in the shell area and staple fiber-based reinforcement in the rib area and in between.
Hydrophobic and conductive cotton fabric with silver nanowires and silanes
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Nejman, Alicja; Celichowski, Grzegorz; Cieślak, Małgorzata
Hydrophobic and conductive cotton (CO) fabric was prepared by coating with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and mixture of two silanes: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS). New functionalization method was developed in which the silanes mixture was applied to the previously deposited AgNWs layer. The AgNWs/silanes modified fabric showed hydrophobic properties. The water contact angle was 130 ± 1deg. The surface free energy was approximately 16 ± 1 mJ/m2, while for unmodified fabric it was 42 ± 1 mJ/m2. Unmodified fabric was nonconductive, the electrical surface (Rs) and volume (Rv) resistances was 3.9 x 1011 ± 3.4 x 1010 Ω and 2.2 x 1010 ± 1.7 x 109 Ω, respectively. After AgNWs/silanes modification it decreased to 7.5 x 102 ± 3.6 x 101 Ω and 7.0 x 102 ± 1.0 x 101 Ω, respectively. Hydrophobic and conductive cotton fabric has the potential to use in new specific purposes.
Linking co-creation to modularity to respond to consumers expectations and improve production efficiency
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Martins, Paulo; Miguel, Rui; Pina, Liliana; Pereira, Madalena
This paper aims to understand what the consumers intend to co-create, secondly if modular co-created products can respond to consumers’ expectations and thirdly, if the process and production efficiency could be improved, even for small orders, when based on modular products. This data will serve as a basis for understanding what methods or processes can be applied and benefit consumers, brands and the supply chain. A single closed question was made to the consumers. In addition, one open question was made to the fashion designers and another to the supply chain experts. These were created based on a literature review, study question, and propositions. The findings show that the consumers prefer to co-create full fashion products. Fashion designers and supply chain experts were unanimous about the improvement of the process and production efficiency due to modular products, even when producing small orders. Although, when responding to the consumers’ expectations, some concerns were raised by the fashion designers. This paper will enable, in the future, the development of a consumer, brand and supply chain cocreation streamlined framework.
Entrepreneurial process in textile and clothing industry: an overview of european practices
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Sterev, Nikolay; Milusheva, Petja; Yordanov, Daniel
The textile industry is traditional for Europe, with a centuries-old history, offering high quality and innovative products. It is leading sector in the EU. Some facts: according to EURATEX 2018 Annual report, the EU-28 is the world's largest market for textile and clothing products with household consumption of € 520 billion; its turnover is 178 billion; the industry exports to outside EU amount to € 50 billion; in the Textile and clothing industry (TCI) are employed 1.7 million within 171,000 companies, 99% of which are small and medium-sized (SMEs) niche players focusing on quality, innovation, creativity and outstanding customer service [1]. As the entrepreneurial education in Textile Universities often is not given into the priority in the study programs, the paper aims to present specific requirements of the entrepreneurial process in the Textile and clothing industry that have to be uploaded into the existing study programs in textile universities. Thus, the paper is focused on basics of entrepreneurial process in TCI (paragraph 1) and entrepreneurial mapping and clustering in TCI (paragraph 2 and 3). Some recommendations for entrepreneurial training in Textile universities are given at the paper conclusion.
In-situ stress analysis of fiber reinforced plastics under bending load until failure by using integrated textile-based piezoresistive sensors
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Xuan, Hung Le; Nocke, Andreas; Cherif, Chokri
The application of fiber reinforced composites (FRC) for load-bearing and safety-relevant components requires regular inspections to assess the structural conditions. A suitable solution are integrated textilebased piezoresisitive sensors for structural health monitoring applications. This research work focusses on the evaluation and comparison of the electromechanical strain sensing behaviour of steel wires and carbon fibers on the fiber and composite scale. The electromechanical properties are investigated by using a uniaxial fiber tensile test with a simultaneous electrical resistance measurement. Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) specimen with in-situ sensors are tested in quasistatic and cyclic three-point bending tests. The acquired sensor signals are used for a comprehensive stress analysis and better understanding of the failure behaviour. The cyclic testing procedure showed reproducible sensor signals.
Studies of the possibility of estimating the growth of the cuxse layer from the change in the mass of fibres
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Belukhina, Olga; Milašiene, Daiva; Ivanauskas, Remigijus
In this presentation, the part of the results of the investigation of possibilities of the formation of the copper selenide layer on the surface of the different fibres is presented. For the modification of the researched fibres, the two-stage adsorption-diffusion process was used. Thread waste from Lithuanian companies was investigated in the work. The aim of these studies is to evaluate the possibility of evaluating the formation of the layer by observing the change in mass after each cycle of modification. The presence of a layer of CuxSe particles on the surface of the treated fibres was confirmed by SEM analysis. The mass gain of modified fibres can be taken as an indicator of the coating process; however, in the case of natural fibres (especially cellulosic), the possibility of fine fibres pieces falling off should be considered.
Effects of the alginate and CACL2 concentrations imparting mechanical and morphological properties of wet spun filaments
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Erard, Annaëlle; Cayla, Aurélie; Salaün, Fabien
Alginate fibers were used essentially in wound dressing due to his biocompatibility and were prepared by the wet-spinning process using a sodium alginate solution and a calcium chloride solution (CaCl2) as a coagulation bath. The effects of the wet-spinning solvent, coagulating solution, and polymer concentration on corresponding fiber structure were addressed to achieve homogeneous fibers with controlled morphology and suitable mechanical properties. Fiber average diameter, surface state, and fiber homogeneity were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopies to screen the influence of the formulation and process parameters on the morphological characteristics of the fibers. Furthermore, mechanical properties were studied after determining the monofilament finesses. At an alginate concentration of 8 wt.%, the tenacity and elongation at break of the resulting alginate fibers are the best results. Finally, preliminary studies demonstrated that optimization of CaCl2 concentration and coagulation time resulted in improved fiber regularity and mechanical properties. Thus, optimization of the process and formulation parameters were obtained for a concentration of 8 wt.% alginate, 1 wt.% CaCl2, and a coagulation time of 5 minutes. The resulting spun fibers had an average tenacity of 11 cN/Tex and an average elongation at break of 24%. This is promising for the wet spinning process which can modify the fibers properties.
Comparison of the fineness and mechanical properties of hemp fiber conditionned in two different relative humidity environments
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2022) Decker, Aurélie; Tritter, Adrien; Sarazin, Vivien; Harzallah, Omar; Drean, Jean-Yves
Bast fiber, like hemp, has an affinity for water [1,2]. The moisture content of hemp fiber increased with the increasing of relative humidity [1]. The relative humidity changes the fiber properties [2,3] studied by LPMT (Laboratoire de Physique et de Mécanique Textile) in Mulhouse, France. A comparison of the fiber properties measured in two different relative humidity environments (30% and 60%) was studied. The fiber was placed between two specific cardstock frameworks with glue. The fineness was determined from the diameter measured with a projection microscope. Then, the tensile test was realised with MTS® , tensile testing instrument, to determine the breaking force, strain and stress and the Young’s modulus. The hemp fiber was manually extracted from unretted stem. The cultivar used was Santhica 27 cultivated in the East of France [4] by SADEF, a plant nutrition expert. The impact of the relative humidity environment on the fiber properties was not constant. The tensile tests realised in this study were not homogeneous. Dispersion of the results could be caused by bast fiber multi-scale. The selection caused more variability of fiber properties than the relative humidity for hemp fiber.