2017, Vol. 81 No. 1

Stały URI dla kolekcjihttp://hdl.handle.net/11652/5438

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5-hydroxymethylfurfural content in selected gluten- and gluten-free cereal food products
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2017) Mańkowska, Dorota; Majak, Iwona; Bartos, Adrian; Słowianek, Marta; Łącka, Agata; Leszczyńska, Joanna
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was determined with HPLC method in forty one food samples, including gluten-free, breakfast cereals and bakery products. The highest concentration of HMF was found in wheat bread with cranberries (210 mg kg-1) and in breakfast cereals – honey wheat loops (85.099 mg kg-1). In contrast, wholegrain oatmeal and gluten-free sponge cakes had the lowest HMF level of all tested samples, below the detection limit and 0.485 mg kg-1, respectively. In most cases, lack of gluten coincided with the lowest HMF content readings (average 8.488 mg kg-1). The impact of the type of sugar, especially glucose, on the HMF concentration in food is apparent. Sweetened breakfast cereals, with the average content of HMF at 25.55 mg kg-1, took lead over dietary products (8.488 mg kg-1) and bakery products (18.395 mg kg-1), with the exception for wheat bread with cranberries. These cereals contained glucose or glucose-fructose syrup.
Extremophilic and modified aminotransferases as a versatile tool for the synthesis of optically pure building blocks for pharmaceutical industry
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2017) Szmejda, Klaudia; Florczak, Tomasz; Jodłowska, Iga; Turkiewicz, Marianna
Considerable progress has been made in the past few years with industrial use of essential key intermediates for chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The increasing demand for obtaining chiral drugs in enantiomerically pure form makes it necessary to search for novel biocatalysts useful in the synthesis of amino acids, chiral amines, amino sugars and alcohols. According to the reaction mechanism, aminotransferases (ATs) have useful applications because of their capability of transfer of an amino group from a donor substrate to an acceptor, thus resulting in the synthesis of a wide variety of building blocks. This article reviews current biocatalytic approaches using microbial ATs in the synthesis of optically active products. Focus is also put on the engineering of ATs and their limitations in the industrial applications. Moreover this review covers biocatalytic approaches using ATs isolated from extreme environments.
The efficiency of macrophytes for heavy metals removal from water
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2017) Materac, Milena; Sobiecka, Elżbieta
Nowadays heavy metals pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems. Advances in science and technology are leading to the degradation and contamination of aquatic environments. Pollution in aquatic ecosystems poses a serious threat to aquatic biodiversity and serves health hazards in humans. The traditional methods of the environment cleaning in practice are expensive and non-eco friendly can lead to the secondary pollution. It is a reason why the aquatic plants (macrophytes) as the biological remediation methods have been used. Macrophytes play an important role in the biological methods of the water remediation because they have capability to improve the quality of water by absorbing heavy metals with their leaves and effective root systems. This review discusses the potential of different aquatic plants (macrophytes) in purifying water and wastewater.
Laccases – enzymes with an unlimited potential
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2017) Szczęsna-Antczak, Mirosława; Benedykt Kaczmarek, Michał; Kwiatos, Natalia; Bielecki, Stanisław
Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are among the few enzymes, the history of which dates back to the 19th century. These oxidoreductases are present in almost all known fungi, some species of higher plants and insects. Moreover, in recent years, these enzymes have also been found in some bacterial organisms. Due to their significant properties and structure of the catalytic centre, laccases have been classified as the multicopper oxidases (MCOs). These enzymes are able to catalyse the oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, with the aid of small molecules referred to as mediators. Thanks to their diverse nature, laccases have gained attention of both scientists and entrepreneurs from all over the world. Their significance is reflected in countless scientific and industrial applications, wherein laccases have become inseparable from chemical syntheses, the food industry, textile industry, biosensor design and the environmental protection. This paper gathers the most important information and the latest scientific discoveries relating to this desirable biocatalyst.
Plant biomass degradation supported by non-enzymatic proteins
(Lodz University of Technology Press, 2017) Madaj, Rafał; Kalinowska, Halina; Sobiecka, Elżbieta
Lignocellulosic biomass, rich in potential carbon sources and value added products, has been intensively investigated in scope of its costefficient and effective decomposition. Many methods were developed, physicochemical or biological. Nevertheless, they are either expensive, inefficient or pose threat to the environment. Recently discovered proteins, lacking any hydrolytic activity, can be a key to solve problems associated with a slow process of enzymatical, eco-friendly degradation. These proteins belong to three related groups – swollenins, expansins and loosenins. Using different molecular mechanisms, they disrupt hydrogen bonds within cellulose chains, enabling enzymes to perform hydrolysis leading to decomposition of lignocellulosic complex.