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Collagen hydrolysates as a new diet supplement
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2009) Dybka, Katarzyna A.; Walczak, Piotr
W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej właściwości hydrolizatów kolagenu stosowanych jako suplementy diety. Aktywność biologiczna i oddziaływanie prozdrowotne hydrolizatów białek kolagenowych zostały udowodnione naukowo, zwłaszcza w leczeniu chorób zwyrodnieniowych kości i stawów oraz poprawie kondycji skóry, włosów i paznokci. Wysoka tolerancja pacjentów na spożywane hydrolizaty kolagenu w długim czasie powoduje, iż są one atrakcyjnym prozdrowotnym suplementem diety.
Mechanism of anchoring proteins on the cell envelope
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2011) Pietraszek, Patrycja; Walczak, Piotr
Surface proteins, essential structural components of bacterial cell wall, are synthesized as precursors equipped with specific functional domains. The N-terminal signal module enables translocation across the plasma membrane via Sec or Tat pathways, while sorting motif, located in the C-terminus, is responsible for protein attachment to the cell wall peptidoglycan. Only exception are lipoproteins which lipoylated cysteinyl residue connected with bacterial membrane is in N-terminal part of protein. Most of surface proteins, as surface (S-) layer proteins, internalins or autolysins, are linked to the different structures of cell wall through non covalent forces. From the other hand, molecules with LPXTG motif, which attachment involves sortase activity, are linked to the peptidoglycan by covalent bond. Due to structural, chemical and physicochemical properties, surface proteins are attractive components of diverse industrial or medical systems. Knowledge about mechanism of anchoring proteins to the cell envelope will open new possibility of their applications.
Succinic acid biosynthesis by Corynebacterium glutamicum
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2014) Leszczewicz, Martyna; Walczak, Piotr
Succinic acid is one of the most desirable raw materials. Currently, it is obtained mainly by hydrogenation of maleic acid derived from the C4 petroleum fraction. Corynebacterium glutamicum is considered as a possible microbiological producer of this acid. Under oxygen deprivation conditions this bacteria secretes L-lactate, succinate and acetate. Succinic acid is an intermediate of the Krebs cycle, in order to achieve high efficiency of its biosynthesis, metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum is required. The best producers described so far are C. glutamicum R ΔldhA pCRA717 (146 g/L) and C. glutamicum BOL-3/pAN6-gap (133 g/L). Succinic acid biosynthesis can also be achieved under aerobic conditions. C. glutamicum ZX1 (pEacsAgltA) produces aerobically 21.7 g/L of succinate. Genetic engineering is also necessary to enable the use of low-cost, waste carbon source such as glycerol or starch. The paper also presents and discusses examples of modifications of bacterial cells, allowing them to use these two carbon sources.