Skuteczność i efektywność systemu emerytalnego. Koncepcja analizy i próba pomiaru.
Data
2012
Autorzy
Tytuł czasopisma
ISSN czasopisma
Tytuł tomu
Wydawca
Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
Abstrakt
“No book of mine was ever more
on target, and no book of mine has
been ever more totally ignored.”
Peter Drucker
Powyższe słowa Peter Drucker miał wypowiedzieć w 1996 roku, mając na
myśli swoją książkę z 1976 roku pt. The Unseen Revolution: How Pension Fund
Socialism Came to America (Niedostrzeżona rewolucja, czyli jak socjalizm funduszy
emerytalnych dotarł do Ameryki). Drucker poruszył w tej książce dwie
istotne, powiązane ze sobą kwestie, które wówczas, w dobie wyżu demograficznego
w USA wchodzącego na rynek pracy, wydawały się fikcyjne, mianowicie
[zob. Ambachtsheer 2007, s. 36]:
− starzenie się społeczeństw i coraz dłuższe trwanie życia staną się
dominującym problemem społeczno-ekonomicznym,
− fundusze emerytalne staną się dominującym właścicielem czynników
produkcji.
Prognoza Druckera w znacznej części się sprawdziła, zresztą nie tylko
w Ameryce. Obecnie liczne systemy emerytalne ewoluują w kierunku kapitalizmu
funduszy emerytalnych, jednak z równoczesnym zagrożeniem ich socjalizmem,
spowodowanym dostrzegalna wśród polityków tendencja do wykorzystania
aktywów emerytalnych do celów innych niż te ściśle przypisane systemowi
emerytalnemu.
This paper concerns issues relating to the effectiveness and efficiency of old-age pension system, these being matters very rarely addressed in either the Polish or foreign literature. Taking as a starting point considerations of effectiveness and efficiency in economics, definitions are proposed for the effectiveness and efficiency of a pension system, their determinants and interdependencies are described, and issues relating to their measurement are presented. The old-age pension system is defined broadly, as a tool for the allocation of income over the life cycle so as to provide for income (and consequently consumption) in the period of old age. The effectiveness of the pension system is defined here as a feature characterizing the degree to which it achieves its basic purpose – the income objective. The efficiency of the system is defined as a feature characterizing the level of the system’s financial stability and security, profitability, costliness, and effect on the economy. The effectiveness and efficiency of the pension system are treated in this work as multidimensional features. The dimensions of effectiveness are poverty among pensioners, pensioner incomes, and differentiation in poverty and income between pensioners of different sexes. The dimensions of efficiency, on the other hand, are economic balance, investment performance, cost-effectiveness and effect on the labour market.
This paper concerns issues relating to the effectiveness and efficiency of old-age pension system, these being matters very rarely addressed in either the Polish or foreign literature. Taking as a starting point considerations of effectiveness and efficiency in economics, definitions are proposed for the effectiveness and efficiency of a pension system, their determinants and interdependencies are described, and issues relating to their measurement are presented. The old-age pension system is defined broadly, as a tool for the allocation of income over the life cycle so as to provide for income (and consequently consumption) in the period of old age. The effectiveness of the pension system is defined here as a feature characterizing the degree to which it achieves its basic purpose – the income objective. The efficiency of the system is defined as a feature characterizing the level of the system’s financial stability and security, profitability, costliness, and effect on the economy. The effectiveness and efficiency of the pension system are treated in this work as multidimensional features. The dimensions of effectiveness are poverty among pensioners, pensioner incomes, and differentiation in poverty and income between pensioners of different sexes. The dimensions of efficiency, on the other hand, are economic balance, investment performance, cost-effectiveness and effect on the labour market.
Opis
Słowa kluczowe
Emerytury - modele matematyczne, Systemy emerytalne - modele matematyczne, Retirement - Mathematical models, Pension systems - Mathematical models