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Pozycja A New Device for Characterisation of the Drainage Kinetics of Fibrous Suspensions Under Gravity(The Journal of Committee of Chemical and Process of Polish Academy of Sciences, 2014) Przybysz, Piotr; Kuncewicz, Czesław; Rieger, FrantišekGravity dewatering of fibrous suspension is one of basic technological operations in paper production process. Although there are numerous methods to determine dewatering of such suspensions, none of them can measure undisturbed flow of removed water. In the paper the idea and design of a new apparatus for the determination of drainage rate of fibrous suspensions is presented. The apparatus differs from other known devices by minimisation of filtrate flow resistance in the outlet part of the equipment. In the second part of the paper measurements of the drainage rate have been presented. The flow resistance of the fluid through the bottom wire screen in the device was determined. The calculated flow resistance will be used in the developed model of dynamic drainage of fibrous suspensions, which will be discussed in our following paper (Przybysz et al., 2014).Pozycja Application of Neural Networks for Estimation of Paper Properties Based on Refined Pulp Properties(Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych (IBWCh) , Łódź, Polska, 2014) Ciesielski, Krzysztof; Olejnik, KonradThe main objective of the work presented was to determine the possibility of the prediction of paper properties based on refined chemical pulp properties using the neural network approach. Three main parameters related to basic refining effects were used: pulp and fibre WRV, the amount of fines and the average fibre length. These parameters were used for prediction of the following paper parameters: apparent density, breaking length and tear resistance. The classical multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer was used. The number of inputs and outputs was related to that of input and output variables. The size of the hidden layer (number of hidden neurons) was determined experimentally. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used as a training method. The available dataset was divided into two groups: 90% of experimental results were applied as training data and 10% for model verification. As a result of the trials conducted, a satisfactory level of the correlation between simulation data and experimental data was obtained. Results allow to presume that the method presented could be adapted for other papermaking pulp grades as a general control system in the industrial refining process. In such a case, the accuracy of the presented method could be even higher because of the large number of data available on-line. These data could be used as in a real-time training procedure, which would significantly improve the precision of the whole system. The lack of other effective methods of paper property prediction makes the method proposed an attractive solution to the problem presented.Pozycja New Eco-friendly Method for Paper Dyeing(Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, 2014) Blus, Kazimierz; Czechowski, Jacek; Koziróg, AnnaFor economical and environmental reasons, the paper industry has shifted the production of paper products towards dyed products made from pulp grades with a high content of recovered paper. The basic method for dyeing paper products is pulp colouring with direct and basic dyes. Disadvantages of this method include coloured white water and so-called „bleeding” processes when using those products. „Bleeding” processes are undesired when using tissue products. A new eco-friendly method for dyeing pulp with adducts of reactive dyes and selected cationic aliphatic polyamine compouds was developed. A reactive dye is added to refined pulp and then a cationic polyamine compound. The dyeing substance is adsorbed on the entire surface of refined cellulose based semi finished products in a water medium with a pH near to neutral. After web consolidation, an uniform dye penetrated paper product is obtained, with high colour life and strength. Reactive dyes contain 3’-carboxypyridine-1,3,5-triazine systems that react with cellulose in a medium near to neutral and at a temperature similar to web drying. As polyamine compounds, polycondensates of guanidine with hexamethylene-1.6-diamine and octamethylene-1,8-diamine were used. As was proved by a test done on coloured paper, these compounds are characterised by bactericidal and fungicidal properties, which are advised for tissue paper. The polyamine compounds mentioned cause the quantitative adsorption of dyes on cellulose based pulp, increasing the retention of cellulose fibre fines, and the white water is practically colourless. In principle, this dyeing method does not change the strength, optical, structural and dimensional properties of selected paper products.Pozycja Effect of Humidity on Paper and Corrugated Board Strength Parameters(2014) Szewczyk, Włodzimierz; Głowacki, KrzysztofOne of the main problems as regards practical utilisation of corrugated board as packaging material is reduced strength followed by the higher humidity of the fibrous materials of which corrugated board is made. Based on the results of laboratory tests, the effect of humidity on the Young’s modulus, Poison’s ratio and strength properties of fibrous materials used for corrugated and coating layers as well as on the bending stiffness and edge crush strength of corrugated board were determined. Treating fibrous materials as elastic bodies, the stiffness and edge crush strength of the board tested were calculated theoretically. A comparison between calculation and measurement results proved that it is possible to predict changes in the mechanical properties of corrugated board caused by changes in humidity provided we know the effect of humidity on basic properties of the fibrous material of which the corrugated board was made.Pozycja Development Directions of the Raw Material Base of the Paper Industry with regard to the Sustainable Development Concept(Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, 2014) Przybysz, Piotr; Buzała, KamilaPaper is one of the most common mass products used nowadays. Present paper consumption has reached almost 400 million metric tons globally. Such a huge volume of production requires stable and continuous supply of raw materials in the form of wood and recovered paper. This article presents the current situation in the field of raw materials supply for the paper industry. Firstly it needs to be underlined that in the 21st century recovered paper has already become as equally an important raw material as wood, and soon the production of paper from secondary fibre pulps may match the volume of production of paper from virgin pulps. Moreover a detailed insight into future challenges and possibilities of broadening the raw materials base for the production of paper is also given. Finally the best possible methods to ensure a constant supply of wood and recovered paper for industry are also featured.Pozycja Waste Treatment with Supercritical Water(2014) Głębowski, Michał; Szewczyk, WłodzimierzWaste with a high water content is particularly difficult to reprocess. Drying, required before the final burning process, consumes large amounts of energy and it is quite expensive. The paper provides an overview of the processing methods of waste generated in both the paper and related industries using supercritical water. The process is technologically advanced and requires a special design approach. The fundamentals, assumptions and conditions of the recycling process are presented. The requirements for waste feedstock and potential environmental benefits are described. This work also presents the results of tests performed on a laboratory scale using various samples from industry, and discusses the design and operation of a prototype waste utilisation line of 200 kg/h capacity. Based on the results obtained, areas of potential application for this method of waste processing in the industry are also described. Plans for the development and implementation of the process on an industrial scale are outlined.Pozycja Gravity drainage kinetics of papermaking fibrous suspensions(Polska Akademia Nauk, 2014) Przybysz, Piotr; Kuncewicz, Czesław; Rieger, FrantišekThe study analyses application possibilities of filtration and thickening models in evaluation of papermaking suspension drainage rate. The authors proposed their own method to estimate the drainage rate on the basis of an existing Ergun capillary model of liquid flow through a granular material. The proposed model was less sensitive to porosity changes than the Ergun model. An empirical verification proved robustness of the proposed approach. Taking into account discrepancies in the published data concerning how the drainage velocity of papermaking suspension is defined, this study examines which of the commonly applied models matches experimental results the best.